HOUSTON - Para muchos habitantes de Texas, el problema de no tener dónde vivir ya es parte de su vida diaria.
El reporte “State of Homelessness in America" (Estado de la Indigencia en América), sobre la población que carece de hogar en los Estados Unidos, encontró que el número de familias indigentes en el Estado de la Estrella Solitaria creció hasta 16 por ciento en sólo un año. La duplicación del desempleo, los salarios reducidos y más juicios hipotecarios se llevan parte de la culpa, pero hay otro factor que impacta en los estados de la Costa del Golfo: el ambiental. Por otra parte hay un aumento significativo en la cantidad de familias que "dobletean" –es decir que van a vivir con otras familias o con amistades. Habla Nan Roman, miembro de la Alianza Nacional para Erradicar la Indigencia), la cual editó el reporte.
"Nos pareció alarmante, porque mucha gente que se queda sin casa, especialmente familias, vienen de una situación de "dobleteo". Eso puede ser detonador de la indigencia."
California, Florida y Nevada son los estados con más alto índice de familias sin un lugar dónde vivir, y los estados de la Costa del Golfo, en general, tuvieron los mayores incrementos en las categorías de indigencia. El reporte destaca que el huracán Katrina sigue siendo causa determinante para miles de personas.
Pero no deben tomarse en cuenta sólo la economía y Katrina, a decir del Texas Low Income Housing Information Service (Servicio de Información sobre Viviendas con Bajos Recursos de Texas) ¬el cual ha documentado los constantes retos de vivienda que enfrentan los damnificados por las tormentas. En Houston, la casa de Lester Washington fue destruida por árboles que derribó el huracán Ike, en 2008. Dice que la FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) le prometió ayuda apenas pasada la tormenta... aún así, su casa sigue en ruinas.
"Las líneas de agua, la línea de gas, la electricidad y todo se acabó. Cada vez que escribí, recibí una negativa."
El reporte Estado de la Indigencia en América sugiere una mayor coordinación entre los niveles federal, estatales y locales, así como un enfoque federal específico en la prevención de la indigencia.
El reporte completo, "The State of Homelessness in America," puede ser consultado en www.EndHomelessness.org
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Residents in a rural North Carolina town grappling with economic challenges are getting a pathway to homeownership.
In Enfield, the average annual income is about $25,000, while the average home price in the state exceeds $300,000. The significant gap between income and housing costs makes homeownership unattainable for many residents.
Mondale Robinson, mayor of Enfield, said it is an issue with which he is all too familiar, having grown up in the town. He acknowledged the dire housing conditions faced by many residents.
"Housing there is third-world," Robinson asserted. "And I know that term is not politically correct, but I use it intentionally to remind people that while we may be in the so-called richest country in the world, my people are suffering from houses that are killing them."
He pointed out many people in the town are living things like severe mold or failing foundations. Recognizing the challenges posed by limited resources both on a town and federal level, Robinson explained he is tackling the issue by forming partnerships with construction firms and lending institutions. He noted through the Horizon Project, they aim to build energy-efficient homes priced affordably at about $105,000.
Robinson highlighted historically, the majority of Black residents there have been marginalized from experiencing positive changes in their neighborhoods. He explained previous investments focused on constructing homes that were unaffordable for the community. Robinson expressed optimism the initiative will serve as a foundation for achieving long-term equality and stability.
"We had a qualification seminar where we brought people in to see if they qualify for homes," Robinson recounted. "Of those 400 people that showed up, 174 already prequalified and have already started ordering their model homes and on the process to become homeowners."
He added families who qualify will receive smart homes with two to four bedrooms, an opportunity most people living on an hourly wage in the town would not have had access to.
In addition to the housing aspect of the project, Robinson emphasized the importance of economic development and sustainability. He said they will offer training to help new homeowners maintain their property.
He stressed another major part of the Horizon project is meant to help promote growth in the town and return ownership to the people who live there.
"When all of these new houses pop up in this rural space, we know what's to follow, businesses to follow," Robinson projected. "Also, we're looking for the mental victory that folk feel when they've purchased a home, alleviating the fact that you have a landlord that is not concerned with how your health is affected by the house you're living in."
By addressing housing affordability and promoting economic empowerment, Robinson hopes the Horizon Project will serve as a blueprint for similar initiatives across North Carolina and beyond. Qualified families will move into new homes by June, while ongoing support aims to assist others in future qualification.
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New York State housing advocates say they are furious about the so-called "good cause eviction bill" in the new state budget.
It grants tenant protections to people in New York City but all other municipalities will need to opt in. It also requires renters to know their landlord's portfolio to determine eligibility for "good cause" eviction protections and the information can be hard to find.
Ritti Singh, communications organizer for the group Housing Justice for All, said previous iterations would have balanced tenant and landlord interests.
"What it required landlords to do was to show they had a valid cause of eviction, which would include nonpayment, violating the lease, causing trouble, if the landlord wanted to move into the unit," Singh outlined. "It also allowed tenants to contest rent increases over 3%, or 1.5 times the rate of inflation."
For all its potential benefits, a New York University study noted "good cause" eviction comes with just as many drawbacks. It can discourage maintenance investments in buildings, and increase the cost of resolving landlord-tenant disputes. Singh noted the bill was not designed to crimp a landlord's ability to do business but to make the housing system fairer.
Cities like Rochester and Ithaca are close to declaring housing emergencies due to rising rents. Municipalities must have a vacancy study rate below 5% to declare a housing emergency. Singh pointed out the housing crisis affects renters statewide.
"Rents are rising faster in Syracuse than they are in New York City," Singh emphasized. "In March, rents hit record highs in New York City. Rural New York is expected to see a surge of evictions over the next decade, and Long Island renters face the highest cost burdens in all of New York State."
Newburgh declared a housing emergency last year but the Orange County Supreme Court recently overturned the decision. The petitioners' attorney argued Newburgh's vacancy study was inaccurate. The Emergency Tenant Protection Act does not cover the city's renters now and jeopardizes other tenant protections the city has proposed.
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Oregon lawmakers passed a major housing package in this year's session, but said easing the state's housing crisis will take more work.
Bills passed during the short legislative session will send a total of $376 million to address the state's housing shortage, including Senate Bill 1530 and Senate Bill 1537, priorities for Gov. Tina Kotek.
Shannon Vilhauer, executive director of Habitat for Humanity of Oregon, said the governor's housing package is groundbreaking.
"We also see important investments in emergency housing assistance, addiction recovery support and renters protections," Vilhauer pointed out. "Those are all investments that are going to help stabilize Oregonians in need of housing assistance and benefit the communities we all share."
The housing package includes funds for housing and homelessness projects and to support counties buying land and developing properties.
However, Vilhauer argued there is still more to do to address the crisis. During the next legislative session, she hopes the state will help first-time homebuyers, as well as make other investments.
"Preserving affordable rental homes that exist now but are at risk of terming out of their affordability and going market rate," Vilhauer explained. "We'd love to see that affordable housing preservation investment move forward in a strong way."
Vilhauer acknowledged the housing issue in Oregon cannot be solved immediately. It is a problem decades in the making.
"It will take a concerted effort over time to continue to make headway," Vilhauer stressed. "We're starting to get there but we need to keep going with a sustained effort."
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