DETROIT – Any blow to the head - whether on the football field, the playground, or even the kitchen floor - can cause a concussion, which is why doctors say everyone needs to take precautions and know the warning signs.

As the head primary-care team physician for the Detroit Lions, family physician Dr. Michael Workings sees more than his fair share of head trauma. With fall sports now in full swing, he says after any head injury - no matter how minor - the athlete should immediately be removed from play, and parents and coaches need to watch very carefully for the symptoms of a concussion.

"Things like headaches, or change in your ability to keep your balance, or change in your sensation, or change in your mood," he said. "You should be looking for just an alteration in personality."

Because of the risk of cognitive and personality changes, Dr. Workings says it's crucial to get a medical evaluation if there's any reason to suspect a concussion, which is not visible to the naked eye. Treatment for concussions begins with avoiding physical and mental exertion. A recent study from the University of Michigan found that one in five teens, including non-athletes, have experienced at least one concussion.

While much of the recent discussion about the long-term effects of concussions has centered around football, Workings says all sports have the potential for head injuries. He says that doesn't have to mean giving up sports, but rather ensuring parents, kids and coaches are on the same page.

"Making sure that the athlete and the parent understand the risk, that the athlete is utilizing protective gear, that the parent is engaging in sports that are well-supervised and that, if there is a concussion, that it is taken seriously," he explains.

One of the most dangerous things, he adds, is to stay in the game or return to practice while suffering from a concussion.

"If you continue to play, there's a phenomenon called second impact - someone that's concussed, that takes another impact, that could deepen those concussion symptoms both in severity and in duration," he warns.

He notes that it's a common misconception that a person needs to be knocked unconscious in order to suffer a concussion. In fact, he says that is rarely the case, and that concussions can even occur without a blow to the head, if the body is knocked back and forth in a whiplash-type injury.


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New Mexico saw record enrollment numbers for the Affordable Care Act this year and is now setting its sights on lowering out-of-pocket costs - those not reimbursed by insurance. More than 56,000 New Mexicans are enrolled in a medical health insurance plan on the state exchange - an increase of 12,000 people overall.

Colin Baillio, deputy superintendent with the state's Office of Insurance, said the state has boosted its outreach and made efforts to improve the overall consumer experience.

"We saw a 40% year-over-year increase, and New Mexico saw the biggest percentage increase during the open-enrollment period among all of the state-based marketplaces," he explained

Part of the enrollment increase is due to what's called the "unwinding" - a federal directive that required all states to redetermine Medicaid eligibility following a three-year pause on checks during the COVID pandemic. He said by using expanded tools made available by the federal and state government, 8% of New Mexico's population is now uninsured - down from 23% in 2010.

Following approval by lawmakers in the 2024 legislative session, the New Mexico governor signed seven health care-related bills into law - one of which requires annual reporting of prescription drug pricing. Baililo said the Affordable Care Act built the foundation that has allowed the state to pursue additional affordability initiatives.

"I'm really glad to see that there's so much interest in the next step of health reform, really leaning into these out-of-pocket cost issues and making it easier for people to afford to stay covered and see their doctors," he continued.

Two years ago, the state also passed a one-of-a-kind law that did away with behavioral health co-pays for people in certain insurance plans.

New York's medical aid-in-dying bill is gaining further support. The Medical Society of the State of New York is supporting the bill. New York's bill allows terminally ill people with only six months to live to use this option, with safeguards requiring two physicians' approval.

The bill's Assembly sponsor Amy Paulin, D-Westchester, said despite the growing support, other hurdles lie ahead.

"Now we have what I believe, if it came to the floor, a majority. There's still a hesitation on the part of leadership. You know, we need members to assure leadership that they no longer have reservations," she said.

Other newly resolved concerns center on making sure insurance companies and doctors who don't support this aren't held liable. She's optimistic the bill will pass after nine years in the Legislature. New York would be the 11th state along with Washington, D.C. to have medical aid in dying legislation.

Corinne Carey, senior New York campaign director with Compassion and Choices finds the pandemic drew a vivid picture of a person's end-of-life experience. There were images of people dying on ventilators, apart from loved ones, and unable to communicate. She said people began thinking about a "good death."

"And, what is a good death is being surrounded by loved ones, having some measure of control, experiencing the touch of your loved ones, and being the one in the driver's seat," she explained.

Now people have different options for end-of-life care, each of which presents various challenges. Polls show medical aid in dying has garnered considerable support since being introduced in 2015. A 2022 Compassion and Choices poll finds 57% of nurses support medical aid in dying professionally, although fewer support it personally.

The California State Assembly is considering a bill to require schools to have a cardiac arrest response plan. Assembly Bill 2887 would make sure schools update their safety plans to include CPR training and an automatic external defibrillator or AED onsite.

Dr. Stephen Sanko, a professor of clinical emergency medicine at USC, and a founding member of the Cardiac Arrest Survivor Alliance, is a volunteer expert for the American Heart Association. He said having a plan in place is critical.

"The American Heart Association is promoting that schools have a cardiac arrest response plan. A written protocol for what to do in order to decrease the likelihood that if somebody collapses, that they die," he said.

Two years ago, 15-year-old Cash Hennessy collapsed on the football field due to a previously unknown heart defect. Two off-duty medics in the stands gave him CPR. The school brought out its AED - but it was useless, because the batteries were dead.

Hennessy said the experience was traumatic.

"I feel blessed that I had people there for me, that could give me C-P-R. But I think about if those people weren't there and that was another kid, who knows what would have happened? Because there wouldn't have been an AED to save them," he explained.

An AED walks people through the steps to deliver a life-saving shock to a person's heart until an ambulance arrives. Studies show that 70% of kids who suffer sudden cardiac arrest at school recover if an AED is deployed correctly - whereas the survival rate for kids and adults not in the hospital is less than 12%.