HARRISBURG, Pa. – Low pay is a likely factor in Pennsylvania's teacher shortage, according to a new report. The report, from the Economic Policy Institute, shows that weekly compensation, including wages and benefits, for teachers in the Keystone State are almost 7 percent lower than pay for comparable full time employees in other professions.
According to Dolores McCracken, president of the Pennsylvania State Education Association, this may explain a dramatic drop in the number of students pursuing teaching degrees.
"We've also seen a similar decline in the number of teaching certificates that are being issued by the Department of Education,” she says. “In fact, we've seen these numbers drop by 66 percent since 2014."
She adds that an estimated 20,000 to 25,000 Pennsylvania teachers will retire over the next ten years, making the shortage even more critical.
Jeffrey Keefe, professor emeritus at Rutgers University School of Management and Labor Relations, wrote the report.
Keefe indicates that hiring and retaining new teachers may get even more difficult. Legislation that goes into effect in 2019 will reduce state and school district contributions to teacher pension funds.
"So when we look at overall compensation,” he says, “the teacher penalty will go up to 10 percent a year compared to similarly educated, experienced employees in the state working similar hours."
While wages are generally the primary consideration for new hires, retirement benefits are important too, especially as teachers get older.
McCracken notes that college students gravitate towards studies that will lead to good paying careers, and, over the past three years, the number of college students entering Pennsylvania teacher prep programs has dropped almost 60 percent.
"If we're going to attract teachers to spend their careers in public education, then we need to be sure that they're getting the pay that they deserve,” says McCracken. “That's good for the teaching profession, it's good for our public schools, and it's also good for the kids that we all serve."
She adds that the teacher shortage is having a disproportionate impact on minority communities.
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The Amesbury School Committee will hear from educators and parents tonight as they rally to prevent more than $2 million in proposed cuts to their schools.
They are asking Kassandra Gove, the mayor and school committee chair, to use any funds at the city's disposal to ensure schools can at least maintain their current level of services.
Cynthia Yetman, president of the American Federation of Teachers Amesbury Local 1033, said schools have worked to support students' mental health but pandemic-related funds have dried up.
"Those types of needs are still there in our district," Yetman pointed out. "We still want to be able to offer those kinds of support."
Yetman noted school operation costs are up and educators, especially paraprofessionals, deserve a living wage. She stressed the town has enough money in reserves to ensure students have what they need. But Gove countered every city department is facing financial hardship.
Gove has proposed a 3% increase in spending, but Elizabeth McAndrews, superintendent of the school district, said it will take at least 8% to continue busing services, ensure ample technology and keep needed support staff.
Kevin Tierney, a teachers' union negotiator and parent of two young boys in the district, worries cuts to music and the arts, library services and after-school programs could cause some families to move elsewhere.
"I firmly believe that how go the schools so goes the town," Tierney contended. "We have to make the investments now, because the price we'll pay later down the road will be so much greater."
Tierney observed the proposed cuts are all parents are talking about at sporting events, birthday parties and day care. The majority, he added, believe the city should increase taxes to ensure students have what they need. Many parents plan to attend tonight's committee meeting to support their students and teachers.
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Immigration is a hot-button issue these days, but people studying to become bilingual teachers at one California university are making an effort to lower the temperature.
San Diego State University's bilingual credential program sends prospective teachers on a four-day trip to impoverished schools in Tijuana, to help them understand the conditions many of their future students experience.
Erika Sandoval from Santa Clarita is a teacher-in-training in her first year of the program. She migrated to the U.S. herself from Mexico at age nine.
"Going back and hearing their stories," said Sandoval, "some of them having families in the United States, some of them attempting to cross the border - took me back to when my parents had made the decision to come to this country as well. It was very emotional, to be honest."
The teachers visit a school in a migrant shelter, one that has a program for students who are blind, and a third that is in one of the city's lowest-income neighborhoods.
Sandoval said kids may be at school in Tijuana one week, and in California the next. So, the empathy gained from a cross-border trip can improve teacher effectiveness going forward.
"When you're able to connect with them and build that trust with them," said Sandoval, "there's community with you, and they're able to engage them in what you're teaching them."
Sarah Maharonnaghsh is a lecturer in the Dual Language and English Learner Education Department at San Diego State University, who helps organize the trips.
She said the teachers in training are often impressed with the Tijuana kids' behavior - even though they lack adults taking on yard duties, and school supplies are scarce.
"There's nobody supervising them on the playground, and they all seem to self-regulate," said Maharonnaghsh. "Or if there's a box of crayons, the kids are sharing with each other. So, they just see that that collectivist component of Mexican culture."
She said the program emphasizes respect for the students' culture, and helps teachers focus on kids' assets rather than their deficits.
Support for this reporting was provided by Lumina Foundation.
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Teachers spend hours with students every day and can have the greatest impact on their decision-making and life choices. A program in one Indiana school district is working to help educators develop leadership skills inspiring students to reach their fullest potential.
The strategy of the nonprofit Teach Indy is to create a diverse, teacher-centered community focusing on teachers as problem-solvers and elevates each instructor's expertise.
Sarah Marshall, executive director of Teach Indy, said the organization now operates in the Lawrence Township School District in Marion County and there are plans for expansion.
"We are reimagining the teacher cohort as a one-year kind of cohort experience for teacher teams," Marshall explained. "The vision is that this will be at least a five-year program and will grow each year."
Marshall's vision is to potentially incorporate an Indianapolis public or charter school in order to engage teachers in a single teacher cohort. The Indiana Department of Education said there are almost 62,000 licensed teachers in the state.
Marshall pointed out Teach Indy wants to empower teachers to be at the center of innovations in education. Another critical goal is to help reduce teacher shortages in the state. She emphasized the group also believes improving teachers' overall job satisfaction will lead to better retention, in an era of burnout when many educators said they have considered leaving the profession.
"We are working to build a virtual platform that is going to connect teachers across Marion County along opportunities for engagement, networking, resource sharing, affinity spaces, etc.," Marshall outlined. "So that we can increase connection and satisfaction."
Marshall added it is important to offer what she calls an "intentional equity shift," supporting teachers of color because of the role they play in supporting students of color. One study by the Brookings Institution found for Black students, having at least one same-race teacher boosts test scores, attendance and graduation rates.
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