AUSTIN, Texas – El Gobernador Perry surge como un posible contendiente de altura para la nominación presidencial del Partido Republicano, en parte porque Texas ha visto las mayores tasas de crecimiento del empleo en todo el país desde la recesión. A este fenómeno se le ha llamado el "Milagro del Empleo en Texas", por el 2.8 % en promedio de crecimiento del empleo, comparado con el 2.9 % negativo a nivel nacional. Perry ha expresado que cerca de la mitad de los empleos nacionales creados en los dos últimos años se dieron en Texas; sus partidarios argumentan que esto reivindica su filosofía de gobierno, con menos impuestos y menos regulaciones. No tan rápido, revira Don Baylor del Center for Public Policy Priorities (Centro para las Prioridades de Políticas Públicas), quien opina que el veredicto sigue siendo negativo.
"Los bajos impuestos y la baja regulación pueden llevarte lejos en el corto plazo. La pregunta es si dañas el agua limpia y el aire limpio, y también la educación y los servicios de salud".
Baylor afirma que llevó décadas llegar a estas cifras positivas del empleo estatal. Las inversiones públicas a largo plazo comenzaron a dar dividendos apenas cuando el país comenzaba a hundirse en la recesión. Ahora que la Legislatura aprobó recortes presupuestales sin precedente, Baylor teme que esas ganancias se reviertan.
Baylor señala que los empleos del sector público suman casi el 18 por ciento de la fuerza laboral, un poco más que el promedio nacional, pero que tales empleos aportaron el 48 por ciento del crecimiento estatal de trabajos durante los cuatro años anteriores. Dice que concluir que los empleos públicos perdidos luego de la última ronda de recortes presupuestales serán sustituidos por trabajos en el sector privado, no es más que una ilusión.
"Un sector público vibrante es crítico para tener un sector privado sostenible. Y creo que será interesante ver qué pasará al mercado de empleo privado cuando se dé una disminución en el empleo del sector público".
Como el resto del país, Texas sufrió pérdidas en la construcción y la manufactura, pero gozó de ganancias en el sector privado, en educación y servicios de salud, recursos naturales, minería, recreación y hospitalidad.
Baylor asegura que las estadísticas de salarios también pueden confundirnos. A primera vista, el crecimiento de los sueldos en el estado parece relativamente robusto, con un 11.4 por ciento de aumento en el sector privado desde 2007... pero esa cifra se encoje casi hasta cero cuando se ajusta a la inflación. Añade que quienes ganan menos perdieron su empleo, lo cual sesga el promedio.
"Así que no veías gente a la que le pagaran más; es sólo que cuando ves la imagen completa de los sueldos de la fuerza laboral, hay mucha gente que quedó fuera de ella. O sea, como que dejaste de lado a algunos de los empleados más mal pagados".
La organización apartidista verificadora de hechos PolitiFact califica la jactancia de Perry sobre el "Milagro del Empleo en Texas" como "media verdad", explicando que las cifras del Gobernador excluyen la creación de empleos en estados que sufrieron una pérdida neta ese renglón.
La calificación de "PolitiFact" a la jactancia de Perry puede ser consultada en politifact.com.
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A mix of policy updates and staffing boosts has helped to put wage theft enforcement on the radar in Minnesota, and officials leading the efforts are prioritizing coordination so potential cases do not fall through the cracks.
Since Minnesota adopted a wage theft law in 2019, it has seen a handful of high profile examples of state and local officials going after companies accused of shortchanging workers.
John Choi, Ramsey County Attorney, feels Minnesota is starting to come around to the idea such matters should not just be resolved through civil penalties. He said there are some keys to taking the next step in seeing a wave of additional cases.
"It's really doing the investigations," Choi explained. "Then also making sure that we get referrals from other agencies that might be doing that civil enforcement."
Choi's office has hired a wage theft investigator, though stakeholders acknowledged not all county prosecutors and sheriff's departments around the state have such resources.
Choi co-chairs the Labor Advisory Council in the Twin Cities, which leads discussions with key partners and labor leaders about working more closely on the issue, including knowing when it is appropriate to pursue a criminal investigation.
Minnesota's Attorney General has been aggressive in combating wage theft but is only allowed to file civil lawsuits. The decision on criminal charges is up to county prosecutors. Choi emphasized the good news is the Attorney General can lend support to under-resourced offices. He suggested community members can spur more interest, too.
"I also think, just locally around the state, a lot of local sheriffs would be interested in undertaking some of these investigations once they start hearing from the public," Choi noted.
Under Minnesota's wage theft law, an employer can now be charged with a felony. Choi added there are other legal tools, such as charges sought by the revenue department, and said it is a matter of ensuring agencies are not working in silos.
The Labor Advisory Council said wage theft is rampant among nonunion construction activity. It estimates in the Twin Cities, employers steal more than $3 million in wages each year.
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Legislation proposed by Maine Gov. Janet Mills would ensure thousands of farmworkers are eligible to receive the state minimum wage.
Current law requires they be paid at least the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, compared to the state minimum wage of $14.15.
Cynthia Phinney, president of Maine AFL-CIO, said the bill still lacks protection from excessive forced overtime or the allowance for an unpaid rest break after six hours of work.
"Those are things that other workers are entitled to already and farmworkers are not," Phinney pointed out. "Certainly farmworkers work hard enough."
Phinney noted the legislation would require employers to keep records of their workers' hours and provide them with pay stubs. Some farmers have opposed the increase in wages and overtime protections, saying it could force them to cut workers' hours.
Farmworkers were intentionally excluded from benefits and protections in the National Labor Relations Act, which protects the rights of workers to unionize and collectively bargain. They were also originally exempted from wage and overtime protections in the federal Fair Labor Standards Act.
Phinney argued it is time to correct the historical injustice.
"It's not lost on us that they were classifications that included largely workers of color," Phinney observed. "They included domestic workers, farmworkers."
Gov. Mills vetoed previous bills to ensure wage and other protections for farmworkers, only to develop a committee of union organizers, farmers, state agencies and lawmakers to develop the new legislation. If passed by the Legislature, the minimum wage for farmworkers would take effect Sept. 1, peak harvest time for Maine's blueberries and apples.
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With tax season winding down, efforts continue to spread the word about Minnesota's new Child Tax Credit.
Outreach leaders say it's another way to help struggling households land on firmer financial ground.
Under the plan approved by lawmakers last year, families who qualify will receive up to $1,750 per child, with no limits on the number of children for filers claiming the credit.
The Children's Defense Fund's Economic Justice Outreach Manager Natletha Sumo Kollie said the extra refund will complement aid programs these households might be relying on.
"Public programs, right now as they exist, are really something that we call expense reducers," said Kollie. "If you have SNAP, it can only go towards food. But the idea of flexible cash, from tax-credit refunds, it's something that you can use for other things."
That might include a car repair or paying off some medical debt. State revenue officials say so far, about 145,000 filed returns have claimed the credit.
Among those eligible are households with little to no income that aren't required to file taxes.
Kollie said there are barriers to reaching those families and easing their fears about going through the process of receiving the tax benefit.
To help as many people as possible learn about the Child Tax Credit, the Children's Defense Fund has added it to its "Bridge to Benefits" platform.
Kollie said you can find out if you're eligible through this online screening tool.
"You just answer a few questions about the county that you live in, your family makeup - to see if you're a single or married household, the ages of the children, your income," said Kollie, "and then the tool tells you what public programs and tax credits you're potentially eligible for."
And there's information on free tax prep sites in your area.
Her organization also partnered with the Minnesota Budget Project and Prepare & Prosper in developing a website with specific details on the CTC called ClaimYourMoneyMN.com.
Kollie said the new benefit isn't a cure-all in addressing poverty, but it should help.
She said benefit cliffs remain a challenge.
That's when a household gains a little more income, then loses a public aid benefit - and what they earn doesn't make up for that loss, leaving them economically unstable.
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