PHOENIX, Ariz. - Adjective or adverb? More newsrooms are debating how best to use the word "illegal" when referring to residents who did not move to the U.S. with proper documentation. From CNN to The Huffington Post, major outlets that have been trying to expand their Latino audiences are avoiding the term "illegal immigrant," although the change has not yet reached most Arizona media.

In Texas, the San Antonio Express-News, with a circulation extending into Mexico, decided two years ago that the term was not consistent with how the paper described others suspected of breaking laws. Managing editor Jamie Stockwell says it is like calling someone accused of violating traffic laws an "illegal driver."

"The correct way to describe a person's immigration status - when that information is relevant - is to say that a person is in the country illegally. And then we cite the source of our information. For example, 'Police said the man is in the United States illegally.'"

The paper uses "illegal immigration" when describing the unauthorized movement of people across the border. Occasionally, reporters use the term "undocumented immigrant." Stockwell thinks recent immigration policy changes are accelerating the debate in newsrooms. Since the Obama administration announced last year it would stop targeting certain young immigrants for deportation, their status has become a gray area.

Immigration attorney David Bennion, Philadelphia, also prefers "undocumented" to "illegal." Although imperfect, he thinks it's less offensive within immigrant communities. He says identifying people who have lived and worked in the U.S. for large parts of their lives as "illegal" alienates them from society.

"It's designed to segregate people into a class of people who can be excluded from legal protections, from the political process, from economic opportunities."

He says he rarely meets an immigration judge who uses the term "illegal immigrant." He thinks that's because it is jumping to a conclusion about them before giving them due process.

Stockwell says accuracy was not the only reason her paper decided to avoid the term. Labels, she explains, can change over time, according to the preferences of those being labeled. She says the views within immigrant communities are well known to staffers who helped shape the Express-News' current policy.

"Our people had been editing immigration issues for many years. They were people who had come from south Texas and had been covering immigrants - and crimes involving immigrants - for many years. So, it came from a respect for the people we're covering and not feeling comfortable calling them 'illegal.'"

She sees pushback against the term gaining steam, and predicts someday the term "illegal immigrant" will rarely be used by news organizations. So far, "the newspaper of record" - the New York Times - is holding out, but immigrant advocates have been lobbying its editors to reconsider their policy.

Bennion's blog analysis is at www.CitizenOrange.com. The New York Times policy is explained at http://nyti.ms/UuWFDw.




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Advocates for immigrants are pushing back on a bill signed by Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds in the last few days of the legislative session, modeled on a recent, controversial Texas law.

Senate File 2340 gives local law enforcement officers and judges the authority to deport undocumented immigrants.

Erica Johnson, executive director of the Iowa Migrant Movement for Justice, argued the bill is an overreach, and said Iowa law enforcement officers are not authorized to enforce it.

"This is a pretty clear intervention into federal territory," Johnson pointed out. "U.S. immigration law is governed by federal law."

Much like the author of the Texas bill, supporters in Iowa blame the Biden administration for failing to slow illegal immigration, so the state has decided to take matters into its own hands.

Johnson contended the bill and other anti-immigrant sentiment during the just-completed legislative session target the very people Iowa, with its dwindling population, will depend on for its future workforce.

"What we need is communities that are safe, where workers have access to dignified, safe workplaces," Johnson emphasized. "The truth of what Iowa's future could be depends on immigrants and immigrant workers in our state, and unfortunately, this law could take us back, away from that possible future. "

Johnson added her organization will pursue legal ways to block the bill from taking effect in July.


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The future of Senate Bill 4 is still tangled in court challenges. It's the Texas law that would allow police to arrest people for illegally crossing the border. But groups are speaking out about the impact of "Operation Lone Star" on the youngest migrants. Governor Greg Abbott continues to bus migrant families to other states, many with young children - more than 100,000 families so far.

Robert Sanborn, CEO of Children at Risk, works to improve the quality of life for boys and girls in Texas, and contends the policy has put trauma on top of trauma.

"We never want children to be political pawns. We don't want maximum chaos on the backs of children. We want children to grow up and be assets for our community," he contended.

Sanborn points out that 2.2 million children in Texas are immigrants, and said it would be less stressful for kids if families were not bused in the middle of the night, and if they were allowed to pick their destination.

When immigrants arrive at the border, they are evaluated to determine if they're eligible for asylum.

Beatriz Zavala, clinical coordinator at El Paso-based Humanitarian Outreach for Migrant Emotional Health, or "HOME," said the children in this situation are at higher risk for mental health disorders.

"What is particularly troubling is the profound disregard for the stability and protection these families need. The impact on their mental health is undeniable. These are not just statistics. These are children, real children," she said.

As part of Operation Lone Star, families have been bused to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, New York City, Philadelphia and Washington D.C. The governor has said the practice is needed to keep the Texas-Mexico border safe.


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Legislation in Albany would create the first right to counsel for people in immigration court.

The Access to Representation Act would provide immigrants the right to an attorney in their New York immigration cases, ending the tendency to represent themselves if they cannot afford one.

Estimates show a backlog of more than 330,000 immigration court cases, and fewer than half have attorneys. Studies show without legal counsel, migrants are less likely to remain in the U.S.

Marlene Galaz, director of immigrant rights policy for the New York Immigration Coalition, described what the bill would do.

"It has a six-year ramp-up to start implementing and building infrastructure," Galaz outlined. "Having a pipeline between law schools for law students to go into immigration practice, and getting to nonprofits and so on."

Galaz noted most opposition centers around the $150 million to fund the program but pointed out the total expenditure is less than 1% of the state's $229 billion budget. She added anti-immigrant rhetoric has also damaged support for the bill. Currently, it is in the state Senate Finance Committee.

The New York City Comptroller's office said enacting the bill would benefit the state financially. It could keep about 53,000 people from being deported, which would result in almost $8.5 billion in local, state and federal taxes over the next 30 years.

Galaz emphasized the influx of migrants has saturated the court system, leading to what could have been an avoidable backlog.

"I firmly believe that if these investments had been made when we first asked for them, I believe, like, three years ago, then we wouldn't be struggling," Galaz contended. "We would have had the infrastructure built to address an increase in welcoming our newest neighbors."

A Vera Institute survey showed 93% of New Yorkers across party lines and regions support access to attorneys for all people, including those in immigration court, and government-funded attorneys for them.


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