KANSAS CITY, Mo. - "If in doubt, sit it out."
That's the key advice in new guidelines from The American Academy of Neurology on evaluating and treating athletes who suffer from concussions. According to the Academy, that rule is the one thing athletes and coaches need to remember.
Dr. Greg Canty, medical director of the Center for Sports Medicine at Children's Mercy Hospital, agrees. He said that over the years doctors have come to realize that there are a lot of symptoms of concussion, and many can be subtle.
"Less than 10 percent of people that have a concussion ever lose consciousness," the doctor pointed out. "That's a big change from what people used to think."
Canty said some of the signs to watch out for are headache and sensitivity to light or sound, and changes in reaction time, speech, balance, memory or judgement.
Under Missouri law, a student athlete suspected of having a concussion must be taken out of play for at least 24 hours and must be evaluated by a professional before going back into play.
Canty said it always takes longer than 24 hours to recover from a concussion, and the guidelines say that the first ten days afterward are the period of greatest risk for suffering another one. He said it's important for everyone involved with student athletics to familiarize themselves with these guidelines.
"If you look at the state of Missouri as a whole, the number of schools that have athletic trainers is extremely small," he remarked. "And so it's important for the physicians, the coaches and the parents to all be educated about 'What do we do if we think a high school athlete in a small town in Missouri has a concussion?'"
Canty said many athletes are under a tremendous amount of stress because their whole social lives center around their sports. He suspects that over the years many concussions have gone untreated.
"There's stress for them to get back out there and play, sometimes prematurely," the doctor warned. "Their families are often tied into their sports. They're right there every day getting to go back in and play their sports. They all want to please their coaches."
Even though concussions are a risk, Dr. Canty said, in general the benefits from playing sports outweigh the risks. He added that parents don't need to go out and buy expensive helmets. There is no clear evidence that one type of helmet protects better than another.
The Academy has come out with an app that coaches and trainers can download to recognize symptoms. It's called Concussion Quick Check.
The new guidelines, including that app, are at AAN.com. More information is at CDC.gov.
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Advocates for foster families are pressing lawmakers to save the Family Urgent Response System from the budget ax.
California faces a $37.9 billion deficit and Gov. Gavin Newsom's initial proposal zeros out the program's $30 million budget.
Susanna Kniffen, senior director of child welfare policy for the nonprofit Children Now, said the program provides a 24-hour helpline for foster kids and their caregivers and funds a mobile emergency response unit in all 58 counties.
"We haven't seen a cut like that to foster care in a very long time. Decades," Kniffen pointed out. "Even when there are tough budget decisions to be made, generally you protect your children and you definitely protect your most vulnerable children, which are foster youth."
The state created the program in 2019. Then the pandemic hit, so counties got the mobile response teams up and running starting in 2021. California has about 46,000 children in the foster-care system. The helpline averages about 5,000 calls a year. More than a quarter involve requests for a team to come to the home.
Kniffen noted more and more foster youths and their caregivers are starting to rely on the program for support and conflict mediation.
"We finally started to get youth trusting it and using it and, all of a sudden, we're just sort of pulling the rug out," Kniffen argued. "It's going to be very difficult for the adults in the system but it's going to hit the youth the hardest because this is one of the only options that they have to call and get support for themselves."
This issue will be heard in legislative committees in the State Assembly on April 3, and in the state Senate on April 25. Lawmakers have until June 15 to pass a balanced budget.
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The new National Parent & Youth Helpline has already taken 6,700 calls, texts and live chats since its inception in January, and now the U.S. House of Representatives is considering a bill called House Resolution 7812 to fund it permanently.
Rep. Norma Torres, D-Calif., introduced the bill last Friday.
Lisa Pion-Berlin, president and CEO of Parents Anonymous, which runs the helpline, noted how the service has been helping.
"We have calls about gun violence. We have calls about suicide. We have calls about stress," Pion-Berlin outlined. "We have calls about kids' learning challenges. We have kids who feel lonely and depressed. We know youth suicide is up 20%."
The nation's more than 174 million parents and youths up to age 25 can call or text the helpline at 855-427-2736 to reach a trained counselor for help with emotional issues. People can also join the live chat on the website 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Pion-Berlin emphasized the goal is to offer online, weekly, evidence-based emotional support groups to those in need around the country.
"They build what we call protective factors," Pion-Berlin explained. "That's resilience, social support, that's helping people deal with their underlying emotional issues, addresses substance abuse, domestic violence, and helps children flourish."
The bill would allocate $20 million a year to the program. So far it has attracted endorsements from the nonprofits Parents Anonymous, Zero to Three, and the Child Welfare League of America.
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Parents wanting to ensure their children have nutritious meals can serve as their best example, according to new data.
Research from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign involved looking at study participants' amount and availability of unhealthy beverages and food in their households. A Home Food Inventory -- a checklist of 190 items in 13 food categories used to monitor the food environment -- found processed foods, candy and microwaveable items were more attainable.
Jenny Barton, assistant research professor for the Center for Childhood Obesity Research at Pennsylvania State University, said the study focused on the physical development of toddlers.
"The two-year-olds in this study are gaining mobility -- they're gaining autonomy -- to be able to walk around the house," Barton pointed out. "And then I think by age four, they are starting to be able to reach for things in the home, in the kitchen."
The home food inventory further examined how the location of fruits and vegetables in the refrigerator, freezer and inside cabinets can hinder a toddler's access to them, how often foods in the household are consumed, and how parents' interaction with their children during a meal affects a child's food habits.
Children often imitate their parents when it comes to food choices. A U.S. Department of Health report said it can take up to 10 attempts before children accept a new food. Barton noted her work followed the consumption of whole grains and refined grains. She concluded refined grains are eaten more often by children because parents tend to buy it more often.
"They're just not purchasing them, to the degree that we would like to see people purchasing whole grains," Barton emphasized. "That's probably helping explain some of that phenomenon in terms of children having similar diets as their parents."
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025 report showed unhealthy dietary patterns starting at age 2-18 may lead to obesity and a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes and heart disease in later life. The publication also advised parents to reduce or eliminate cereals with added sugar, switch from fried to roasted vegetables and substitute high-sodium meats with ground lean meats.
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