HOUSTON - Para muchos habitantes de Texas, el problema de no tener dónde vivir ya es parte de su vida diaria.
El reporte “State of Homelessness in America" (Estado de la Indigencia en América), sobre la población que carece de hogar en los Estados Unidos, encontró que el número de familias indigentes en el Estado de la Estrella Solitaria creció hasta 16 por ciento en sólo un año. La duplicación del desempleo, los salarios reducidos y más juicios hipotecarios se llevan parte de la culpa, pero hay otro factor que impacta en los estados de la Costa del Golfo: el ambiental. Por otra parte hay un aumento significativo en la cantidad de familias que "dobletean" –es decir que van a vivir con otras familias o con amistades. Habla Nan Roman, miembro de la Alianza Nacional para Erradicar la Indigencia), la cual editó el reporte.
"Nos pareció alarmante, porque mucha gente que se queda sin casa, especialmente familias, vienen de una situación de "dobleteo". Eso puede ser detonador de la indigencia."
California, Florida y Nevada son los estados con más alto índice de familias sin un lugar dónde vivir, y los estados de la Costa del Golfo, en general, tuvieron los mayores incrementos en las categorías de indigencia. El reporte destaca que el huracán Katrina sigue siendo causa determinante para miles de personas.
Pero no deben tomarse en cuenta sólo la economía y Katrina, a decir del Texas Low Income Housing Information Service (Servicio de Información sobre Viviendas con Bajos Recursos de Texas) ¬el cual ha documentado los constantes retos de vivienda que enfrentan los damnificados por las tormentas. En Houston, la casa de Lester Washington fue destruida por árboles que derribó el huracán Ike, en 2008. Dice que la FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) le prometió ayuda apenas pasada la tormenta... aún así, su casa sigue en ruinas.
"Las líneas de agua, la línea de gas, la electricidad y todo se acabó. Cada vez que escribí, recibí una negativa."
El reporte Estado de la Indigencia en América sugiere una mayor coordinación entre los niveles federal, estatales y locales, así como un enfoque federal específico en la prevención de la indigencia.
El reporte completo, "The State of Homelessness in America," puede ser consultado en www.EndHomelessness.org
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A new report shows Montana has the nation's most rapidly rising homeless population. Advocates for more affordable housing call the situation critical.
One Kalispell-based shelter is asking for state funding to expand, and do what it can to help.
The most recent Annual Homelessness Assessment Report shows Montana saw a 551% increase in its unsheltered population, the steepest rise in the country between 2007 and 2023.
Kalispell-based Samaritan House Executive Director Chris Krager said he feels the pinch every night.
"I like to think we can handle it," said Krager. "We're trying to address it. Samaritan House, we see between 95 and 105 people every night."
That's capacity for Samaritan House, which Krager said has been full every night for a decade - and often has to help people find other options.
He has asked for state funds to expand the facility, which would double its occupancy.
In addition to building single and multi-family housing, Samaritan House also plans to create housing for veterans.
Krager said they often experience mental health issues along with homelessness. The report shows Montana was one of only four states with an increase in homeless veterans.
"Kalispell is the largest city in Montana with no dedicated homeless veteran housing," said Krager. "So, we're going to fix that. The reason this is serious is because the nature of homelessness in Montana - certain times of the year, it could be fatal. So, we want to really be on our game, especially if it's cold out."
More than 30% of people in Montana's homeless shelters reported a mental health and/or substance use disorder in 2022. The report shows in some shelters, that number is nearly two-thirds.
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Georgia lawmakers appear to be taking a major step toward safeguarding property owners against people who occupy homes or apartments illegally, with what's known as the Squatters Reform Act.
House Bill 1017 passed unanimously in both the Georgia House and Senate. It would make illegally occupying personal property a criminal matter, rather than a civil case. This means the rightful owners can get people out of their homes sooner who don't belong there.
The move is expected to bring relief to such residents as Dan Rodgers, who said he once felt squatters had more legal protection than property owners.
"I think the new three-day process is going to benefit a lot of homeowners," Rodgers said. "It seemed like previous squatters' rights were giving them the opportunity to hide behind process."
Under the Squatters Reform Act, people would have to provide valid documentation of their right to occupy the property within three business days or face arrest for criminal trespass. Those who present documents would have their case reviewed within seven days to establish its legitimacy.
Georgia law has required homeowners to file an "Affidavit of Intruder" in the court system to remove squatters from their property, which can take weeks or months. Rodgers, who owns property in Muscogee County, said he hopes the new legislation will serve as a deterrent to those who previously sought to take advantage.
"I don't think that there's very many circumstances we could think of with a normal trespasser having as many protected rights as squatters do, and ending up being able to really affect people's livelihood," he said. "So, I really feel like it's a really good incentive for people to do the right thing."
The bill was sent to Gov. Brian Kemp this week and is pending his signature to become law.
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A case out of Oregon soon to be heard by the U.S. Supreme Court could have a major impact on how cities treat homelessness. Oral arguments for 'Johnson v. Grants Pass' are scheduled for April 22.
It concerns an ordinance in the City of Grants Pass that banned people from sleeping in public, including a prohibition on the use of blankets and pillows.
Loren Naldoza, public policy advocate with Oregon Food Bank, which filed an amicus brief with 15 other organizations in the state in support of the plaintiffs, said homelessness isn't a lifestyle choice.
"It's an involuntary state of being because there have been systems or crises - like our housing crisis, our cost of living crisis or personal crises - that are impacting people across the state, that converge together and make it harder for people to stay stably housed," he explained.
The 9th District Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs that the Grants Pass law violates the Eighth Amendment against cruel and unusual punishment. Supporters of the Grants Pass law say cities should be allowed to decide their own policies rather than the federal government.
Naldoza said criminalizing homelessness isn't an effective tool and would only create more hunger and poverty, and added people who exit the criminal justice system struggle in many different ways.
"What you get at the end is criminal record, which makes it harder for people who are formerly experiencing homelessness to find a safe, stable or affordable place to call home. And it's also hard to get gainful employment, especially if the employment requires a background check or licensure," he continued.
Naldoza added there are more effective ways to address this crisis.
"What we really need to be investing in is care and compassion, and treatment and other resources that people actually need to exit their experience from homelessness," he said.
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