AUSTIN, Texas – El Gobernador Perry surge como un posible contendiente de altura para la nominación presidencial del Partido Republicano, en parte porque Texas ha visto las mayores tasas de crecimiento del empleo en todo el país desde la recesión. A este fenómeno se le ha llamado el "Milagro del Empleo en Texas", por el 2.8 % en promedio de crecimiento del empleo, comparado con el 2.9 % negativo a nivel nacional. Perry ha expresado que cerca de la mitad de los empleos nacionales creados en los dos últimos años se dieron en Texas; sus partidarios argumentan que esto reivindica su filosofía de gobierno, con menos impuestos y menos regulaciones. No tan rápido, revira Don Baylor del Center for Public Policy Priorities (Centro para las Prioridades de Políticas Públicas), quien opina que el veredicto sigue siendo negativo.
"Los bajos impuestos y la baja regulación pueden llevarte lejos en el corto plazo. La pregunta es si dañas el agua limpia y el aire limpio, y también la educación y los servicios de salud".
Baylor afirma que llevó décadas llegar a estas cifras positivas del empleo estatal. Las inversiones públicas a largo plazo comenzaron a dar dividendos apenas cuando el país comenzaba a hundirse en la recesión. Ahora que la Legislatura aprobó recortes presupuestales sin precedente, Baylor teme que esas ganancias se reviertan.
Baylor señala que los empleos del sector público suman casi el 18 por ciento de la fuerza laboral, un poco más que el promedio nacional, pero que tales empleos aportaron el 48 por ciento del crecimiento estatal de trabajos durante los cuatro años anteriores. Dice que concluir que los empleos públicos perdidos luego de la última ronda de recortes presupuestales serán sustituidos por trabajos en el sector privado, no es más que una ilusión.
"Un sector público vibrante es crítico para tener un sector privado sostenible. Y creo que será interesante ver qué pasará al mercado de empleo privado cuando se dé una disminución en el empleo del sector público".
Como el resto del país, Texas sufrió pérdidas en la construcción y la manufactura, pero gozó de ganancias en el sector privado, en educación y servicios de salud, recursos naturales, minería, recreación y hospitalidad.
Baylor asegura que las estadísticas de salarios también pueden confundirnos. A primera vista, el crecimiento de los sueldos en el estado parece relativamente robusto, con un 11.4 por ciento de aumento en el sector privado desde 2007... pero esa cifra se encoje casi hasta cero cuando se ajusta a la inflación. Añade que quienes ganan menos perdieron su empleo, lo cual sesga el promedio.
"Así que no veías gente a la que le pagaran más; es sólo que cuando ves la imagen completa de los sueldos de la fuerza laboral, hay mucha gente que quedó fuera de ella. O sea, como que dejaste de lado a algunos de los empleados más mal pagados".
La organización apartidista verificadora de hechos PolitiFact califica la jactancia de Perry sobre el "Milagro del Empleo en Texas" como "media verdad", explicando que las cifras del Gobernador excluyen la creación de empleos en estados que sufrieron una pérdida neta ese renglón.
La calificación de "PolitiFact" a la jactancia de Perry puede ser consultada en politifact.com.
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Washington joins a handful of states to do away with mandatory meetings for employees on political or religious matters.
Sometimes known as captive audience meetings, the gatherings were seen as a way for employers to give their opinions on subjects like unionization, and held potential consequences for employees who didn't attend. Lawmakers passed a bill this session allowing workers to skip the meetings without repercussions.
Sen. Karen Keiser, D-Des Moines, a sponsor of the bill, said we live in a divided society where emotions run high on political topics.
"This bill simply protects employees to have a real choice on whether or not to attend a meeting called by their boss to be told about some political or religious issue," Keiser explained.
Keiser pointed out the legislation is nonpartisan. For instance, employers could not force employees to attend anti-union meetings, but also could not force them to attend a meeting about the importance of reproductive rights. The bill takes effect June 6.
Keiser noted the bill likely got across the finish line this session because of the uptick in union organizing and support for labor. She added there are widely known stories of Starbucks managers, for example, requiring employees to attend anti-union meetings while the employees organized the workplace.
"Employees have been forced to attend meetings to listen to the boss or the employer basically tell them why they shouldn't join a union," Keiser observed.
Washington is the sixth state to pass a law prohibiting attendance at captive audience meetings. Connecticut, Maine, Minnesota and New York have passed similar laws in recent years. Oregon passed a law allowing workers to skip such meetings without repercussions in 2010.
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A bill vetoed by Virginia Gov. Glenn Youngkin would have raised the state's minimum wage to $15 an hour starting in 2026.
While the bill moved out of committee and the General Assembly, it did so on party-line votes. Youngkin opposed the bill, saying it could hurt small businesses and some restaurants.
Jay Speer, executive director of the Virginia Poverty Law Center, said it was disappointing to see the measure vetoed.
"Wages are way too low. People cannot afford housing and food and everything else," Speer pointed out. "It's a disappointment that they can't raise the minimum wage so people can survive. I mean, it's long overdue."
Passing the bill was part of a 2020 minimum-wage increase requiring a reauthorization to bring it up to $15. A state study found a person has to make at least $14.55 an hour to afford the cheapest place to live while only spending one-third of his or her income on housing. The current minimum wage in Virginia is $12 an hour, but around 500,000 Virginians make $12 or less.
Youngkin also vetoed a bill ending exemptions from Virginia's minimum-wage requirements for farmworkers or temporary foreign workers.
Kim Bobo, executive director of the Virginia Interfaith Center on Public Policy, said it was not as impactful since most farmworkers make more than the minimum wage. But she said the exemption remains for another reason.
"The only reason farmworkers continue to be exempted in Virginia is racism," Bobo contended. "That's why they're exempted. And, we should just change that, like there's no reason not to. It really does not affect that many workers in Virginia."
Youngkin and other legislators with a farming background said the bill would hinder farmers' ability to turn a profit.
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New York restaurant workers need to know their rights to better navigate their workplaces. A new report finds high rates of what it calls "occupational segregation" in the restaurant industry, which can relegate some people to lower-paying jobs.
Workers' rights organizations are counteracting this with training programs. Alima Iskakova, a server for Exquisite Staffing, a catering company, said the CHOW training from Restaurant Opportunities Centers United is helping her.
"Since I completed this training course, I am more confident when it comes to job interviews," she said. "I am more confident - like, when it comes to these types of interviews, plus with all my experience and the knowledge that I got from ROC United, I have a higher income."
She was also trained in safe food handling, OSHA certification and other need-to-know information about the restaurant industry. These courses are available in several cities beyond New York.
The report also notes that, unlike training offered by organizations such as the National Restaurant Association, these courses prioritize developing restaurant workers' power to support individual career development.
The report says racism and sexism abound in the restaurant industry. White men make up a majority of higher-earning positions, such as bartenders.
Although these training courses are helpful, Iskakova noteed that not knowing English can be a disadvantage. She said other cultural differences can make this work challenging.
"In the hospitality industry, even like when people come here as an immigrant, they don't know the rules, they don't know the laws," she said. "And ROC United, they help us to do the cover letter, resume. There are certain things - like, there is a difference."
Another challenge she encountered was the difference between Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Iskakova said her work has been interesting, but she's got ambitions outside of food service. Along with photography, she's a communications major at CUNY.
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