SEATTLE – En un estudio reciente se destaca la importancia de la gestión de bosques y el reconocimiento del papel natural que juega el fuego en los bosques del Noroeste.
Mientras que el Noroeste ha visto infiernos masivos en años recientes, un nuevo reporte indica que sus bosques están experimentando realmente una reducción histórica de incendios. Ese déficit puede estar alimentando temporadas recientes de peligrosos fuegos forestales.
El estudio (en inglés), desarrollado por “The Nature Conservancy”, el Servicio Forestal de los Estados Unidos y la Universidad de Idaho, muestra que sólo un décimo de los acres de bosques de Washington y Oregon ardieron durante 1984 y 2015, comparado con un siglo atrás. De cualquier manera, 36 por ciento de esos incendios fueron muy severos, comparados con un 6 ó 9 por ciento histórico.
Ryan Haugo, autor líder del estudio, dice que con la presión agregada por el cambio climático, es urgente la necesidad de administrar mejor los bosques.
“Debemos buscar que cada incendio que vaya a ocurrir arda en momentos y bajo condiciones que sean seguras para nuestras comunidades y para nuestra salud, y que ofrezcan más opciones de reparar y copiar los procesos ecológicos naturales.”
Esta semana comienza una capacitación de dos semanas sobre el combate de incendios en el centro de Washington, que se enfoca en eliminar el combustible de los bosques y evitar los incendios más intensos. Históricamente, los fuegos de intensidad baja y media cumplían esta función. El estudio encontró que el déficit de incendios es mayor en el este de Washington y de Oregon, donde sólo se ha consumido un 3 por ciento de los acres históricos.
Haugo destaca que el estudio no promueve un regreso a las cifras históricas, que pudiera ser peligroso para las comunidades, además de que muchos árboles resistentes al fuego están desapareciendo de los bosques debido a decisiones de la administración anterior.
Jon Bakker, profesor en la “Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales de los Bosques y la Foresta” (School of Environmental and Forest Sciences) de la Universidad de Washington, ha estudiado los incendios en la parte oeste del estado y encontró que también ahí hay déficit de incendios. Agrega que debemos reconocer que el fuego es una parte natural del paisaje.
“Ya sea que vayamos a tenerlo cuando queramos que suceda mediante recetas, o que sucedan incendios mayores e incontrolables de coronas, como lo hemos visto en los últimos años.”
Derek Churchill, científico de la salud de los bosques del Departamento de Recursos Naturales de Washington (“Washington Department of Natural Resources”), dice que una combinación de la supresión del buen fuego y la remoción de residuos de los árboles han hecho que los bosques sean más vulnerables. Agrega que los incendios prescritos y administrados son clave, y destaca que también la reducción mecánica de los residuos que alimentan esos incendios, son críticos para conservar los bosques.
“Este estudio de veras cuantificó cuánto tratamiento se necesita para poder brindar ese mantenimiento a largo plazo, nos dio una idea muy convincentemente.”
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A new report found four dams in the Columbia River Basin are big emitters of methane.
Research from the organization Tell The Dam Truth showed the four lower Snake River dams in eastern Washington emit the equivalent of 1.8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide each year.
Robin Everett, deputy western region field director for the Sierra Club, said it undercuts some of the claims the dams are helping provide the region with clean energy.
"It's really clear from this report that we have to take this a lot more seriously that there are some real impacts as far as emissions go from these dams," Everett asserted.
The reports showed the dams produce the equivalent emissions of burning 2 billion pounds of coal annually. Defenders of the dams counted they are important for barging and irrigation for the area's agricultural lands.
But Everett pointed out the dams have another effect on the region: they block the dwindling population of salmon and steelhead from traveling upstream on the Snake River. She noted it not only hurts fish populations but the tribes relying on them.
"We have an obligation for them to be able to fish and if there are no fish to fish, we have broken the treaties," Everett contended
Chinook salmon are also an important source of food for orca on the West Coast. Everett added protecting salmon is important for tribes and the region as a whole.
"Our moral obligation to the salmon and the orca that depend on them are met as well," Everett concluded.
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A proposed pumped-storage hydroelectric facility for Cuffs Run near the Susquehanna River in York County has been challenged by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation.
The foundation filed a motion to intervene in the proceedings with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which is considering granting a preliminary permit to build a 1.8-mile-long dam for the project.
Harry Campbell, science policy and advocacy director for the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, said they are working to stop the project in order to protect the unique Cuffs Run area and its ecological benefits for future generations.
"If approved, this project would destroy it about 580 acres of prime farmland, fields and forests, some of which have not been disturbed in about 100 years," Campbell pointed out. "Those farms, fields and forests exist harmoniously with and in support of a plethora of plant and animal life."
The foundation is circulating an online petition and encouraged Pennsylvanians to provide comments before Sunday.
The stream is home to naturally reproducing brook trout. Advocates worry the $2.5 billion project would also be harmful to the Susquehanna River. Campbell noted about 40 families would be displaced.
"For those who call Cuffs Run home, it's more than just a place to live. It's their heritage and they want it to be part of their legacy," Campbell asserted. "This project just simply is the wrong idea in the wrong place. In order to honor that heritage and that legacy, we need to preserve this area."
Campbell emphasized the Cuffs Run project is about 993 acres of land draining into a 2.5-mile unnamed tributary. He added in terms of stream habitat, the rocks, pebbles and woody material have been identified as among the best in the region for supporting critters living in the water.
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Tennesseans want more say in how the Tennessee Valley Authority plans for their future electricity needs and a bill now in Congress could give the public more influence.
The "TVA Increase Rate of Participation Act," would require a more open decision-making process for the utility.
Brianna Knisley, director of public power campaigns for Appalachian Voices, said the TVA is currently developing its new Integrated Resource Plan to meet future energy demands. The bill would require more public participation in the plan's proceedings.
"Right now the stakeholders who get to provide input early on in the IRP process are all hand-selected by TVA," Knisley pointed out. "You can't choose to be in that IRP working group. And those are the only folks who get substantial input in the architecture of the IRP, as it's being designed."
The utility serves more than 10 million people across six states. The TVA said it is reviewing the legislation. A draft of the plan will be published at a later date. The TVA said it already has a "robust stakeholder engagement plan."
After the plan is released, Knisley noted public input happens during what's known as the scoping phase of the National Environmental Policy Act. Open houses are set up, where the TVA answers questions from the public. Knisley encouraged Tennesseans to raise any of their concerns during the public and virtual hearings.
"I think additional public input into our region's long-term energy plan is only going to strengthen outcomes," Knisley contended. "And make that long-term energy plan better meet the needs of the Tennessee Valley, as a whole."
She added it is important for Tennesseans to work with Congress on the best way to improve public input in the TVA decision-making process.
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