BOISE, Idaho – El fuego prescrito se ha estado usando en el Suroeste de los Estados Unidos por décadas. Una investigadora dice que la región ofrece un modelo para que el Oeste combata sus crecientes temporadas de incendios forestales.
El estudio reciente revela que los estados del Oeste podrían seguir el ejemplo del Sureste para reducir el riesgo de incendios. Crystal Kolden, una profesora asociada en ciencia del fuego en la Universidad de Idaho, analizó el uso de fuegos prescritos entre 1998 y 2018, y encontró que el Sureste usó más del doble de fuegos prescritos que el resto del país.
La región también tuvo menos acres quemados en incendios forestales durante ese lapso. Kolden dice que el Oeste tiene diferentes vegetación, climas y centros de población, pero aún así piensa que el modelo del Suroeste pudiera funcionar aquí.
“Lo que hace que los incendios forestales funcionen en el Suroeste es cómo enfrenta la gente el problema, y cómo ese acercamiento ha sido pactado en cuanto a la política y la regulación – y eso es algo que absolutamente podemos emular en el Oeste.”
Kolden da mucho crédito del éxito del Sureste a la colaboración entre agencias federales, estados e incluso empresas privadas y terratenientes. Dice que en el Oeste los fondos están siendo desviados de los fuegos prescritos para combatir las épocas de intensos incendios forestales, lo que afecta los esfuerzos de largo plazo para enfrentar esta amenaza.
El Servicio Forestal de los Estados Unidos (“US Forest Service”) advierte que más de un billón de acres podrían arder en los Estados Unidos en esta temporada.
La investigación detectó que la Oficina de Asuntos Indígenas (“Bureau of Indian Affairs”) fue la única agencia federal que incrementó substancialmente su uso del fuego prescrito durante el lapso de 21 años que duró el estudio.
Sam Scranton, director en funciones del programa de manejo de combustibles en la Oficina de Asuntos Indígenas (Bureau of Indian Affairs, BIA), dice que el manejo fue trabajado para mitigar la amenaza de incendios forestales. Agrega que en tierras de esa Oficina hay 57 millones de acres que pueden arder, y casi 10 millones corren un alto riesgo.
Las quemas prescritas tienen también otros usos, como reciclar nutrientes y así hacer parajes más sanos para las plantas y los animales. Scranton menciona también que los Americanos Nativos han usado este método durante generaciones.
“El recurso de la tierra es una fuente de substancia espiritual, cultural, emocional y económica. Así que tienen una gran dependencia de la tierra y quieren cuidarla para las generaciones futuras.”
La investigación de la UI muestra que el BIA dedicó entre el 50 y el 80 por ciento de su presupuesto a suprimir fuegos durante los cinco años pasados, mientras el compromiso de otras agencias federales nunca excedió el 25 por ciento.
El estudio está disponible en: https://bit.ly/2IlwQHO
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As the Sunshine State grapples with rising temperatures and escalating weather events such as hurricanes, a new study sheds light on the pivotal role of Florida's Wildlife Corridor in mitigating the effects of climate change coupled with a surge of new residents.
The report is trumpeted as a first-of-its-kind study showcasing how the 18 million acres of the Wildlife Corridor, which runs throughout the entire state, ease the worst impact of climate change. It paints a picture of investing in resources supporting cohabitation to be mutually beneficial with nature and the economic growth coming from people who flock to the state to enjoy it.
Colin Polsky, professor and founding director of the School of Environmental, Coastal and Ocean Sustainability at Florida Atlantic University, and the study's lead author, said the corridor benefits the state.
"It's an attempt to welcome the 1,000 people a day approximately who move to Florida, but to do so in a way that allows for the wildlife to continue to thrive," Polsky explained.
About 10 million of the 18 million acres of corridor are permanently conserved. The report calls on state leaders to keep working on investing the remaining 8 million. In March, the governor and Cabinet touted the state's largest investment in decades, a 25,000-acre acquisition within the Caloosahatchee-Big Cypress Corridor.
Joshua Daskin, project manager and director of conservation at the Archbold Biological Station, said since the corridor effort was steering billions of dollars toward land conservation in the state, the report's focus is on showing the science behind it all.
"Climate resilience is one area in which land conservation can help both nature and people," Daskin pointed out. "But no one had assembled the state of the science for all of the ways that climate resilience can be impacted by land conservation."
The report shows 24% of all Florida properties have a more than one in four chance of being affected by flooding in the next 30 years. To combat it, one solution is to keep floodplains undeveloped. The corridors have 10 million acres of floodplain. The report also recommends mixed-use development to minimize habitat fragmentation and keep working lands in production.
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Ballots are due back in the Montana Secretary of State's office later this week, as lawmakers decide
whether to override Gov. Greg Gianforte's veto of a high-profile funding bill that would reapportion money from the state's marijuana sales tax.
Gianforte vetoed Senate Bill 442 after the Montana Senate had adjourned last session, which left lawmakers no chance to override it.
It would fund veterans' services, provide permanent property tax relief for vets & Gold Star families, invest in county road maintenance, and support land conservation and habitat management.
Montana Wildlife Federation Executive Director Frank Szollosi said the legislation has received broad support inside and outside the capitol.
"That's why agricultural interests have supported 442," said Szollosi. "Counties have supported 442, and the conservation & sporting communities have supportted 442, and local governments."
Gianforte said in his veto note that using state funds for local responsibilities such as road improvements is a "slippery slope."
A veto override requires the approval of two-thirds of lawmakers. Ballots are due back in the Secretary of State's office on Thursday.
Twenty percent of the sales tax revenue would be used specifically for habitat conservation - but equally important, supporters say, is the money that would be spent to improve veterans' programs and rural infrastructure.
The bill's sponsor, state Sen. Mike Lang - R-Malta - said S.B. 442 would provide services for groups that have not historically shared common interests.
"I just want to bridge the gap," said Lang, "between recreationists and hunters, and private landowners."
Critics of SB 442 have argued the funding distribution formula isn't equitable, while supporters say it directs resources towards those who need them most.
The bill passed the Legislature with 130 of 150 votes in last year's session.
Disclosure: Montana Wildlife Federation contributes to our fund for reporting on Climate Change/Air Quality, Endangered Species & Wildlife, Environment, Public Lands/Wilderness. If you would like to help support news in the public interest,
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More than $11 million in federal grant money will go to improve land and water conservation in the upper Verde River Watershed and Big Chino Grasslands in north central Arizona.
The grant requires a 50% non-federal match, which The Nature Conservancy Arizona and partners will provide - bringing the total to $23 million.
Kimberly Schonek - Arizona water director for the conservancy - said the Verde River is one of the state's last free-flowing rivers, and calls it a "critical water supply" for not only the Phoenix metro area but for the biodiversity around the river, which starts just north of Prescott.
She said the conservancy in Arizona will be using the money to purchase easements from willing landowners to ensure land preservation and limit groundwater use.
"The landowner will continue to ranch and farm their property into the future," said Schonek, "but it'll restrict that ability for them to develop it, and what that does is keep the water use on the land what it is now."
Schonek said as Arizona thinks about its future, it's important to limit the amount of water use in what she calls a "critical area."
She added that her organization has been enacting conservation easements and other measures along the Verde River since 2012.
Schonek said no landowners are required to participate, but adds many find value in being compensated and reinvesting those funds onto their properties.
Schonek said over the last 20-years, with drought, they've noticed river levels drop - and have also seen land usage around the river change.
She added that while certain areas of the river have less flow, others are now experiencing more water due to the collaborative work the conservancy and agricultural partners have fostered.
"So the future looks good, so long as the community continues to engage, and everybody has a part to play," said Schonek. "And so we are really excited and optimistic to continue partnering with rural communities and agriculture in protecting this river for the future."
Schonek said it is exciting to see this level of investment as they've been working on conservation efforts for decades.
She added that this is by the far the largest amount of money that'll be dedicated to the Verde River.
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