RICHMOND, Va. -- Curbing access to reproductive health-care services, including abortion, can have disastrous effects on economic well-being, according to a new report from the Women's Policy Research Institute.
A Democratic-led legislature in Virginia has eased some restrictions over the past few years. But the report shows lack of access results in loss of wages and, sometimes, leaving the labor force, hitting low-income Virginians the hardest.
Nicole Mason, President and CEO of the Institute, said the Commonwealth's economy loses about $600 million a year due to state-level abortion restrictions.
"Many of the restrictions that limit the reproductive health access to women, in the state of Virginia alone, we could see more than $2 billion in increased earnings for women, ages 15 to 44," Mason outlined.
Since Texas passed a law banning abortions after six weeks, before most women know they are pregnant, abortion rights erupted as a hot-button issue in Virginia's governor's race. Democrat Terry McAuliffe ran ads supporting the "right to choose" shortly after the law passed. Republican Glenn Youngkin has mostly avoided the topic, he said, to appeal to independent voters.
The study comes as Planned Parenthood in Virginia, Maryland and D.C. announced it will be providing at-home abortion medication and health services as an option.
Dr. Serina Floyd, medical director for Planned Parenthood of Metropolitan Washington, pointed out the service is geared for those who face barriers to getting care, who may be low-income, cannot afford to take time off work or don't have services nearby.
"We know that 93% of Virginia counties don't have any clinics that provide abortion," Floyd noted. "So, when you're talking about such a huge desert, when there is such great need, anything that can be done to bring the service to where the patient is -- as opposed to requiring the patient to come to where the service is -- is going to make a huge difference."
Nationwide, abortion bans and targeted restrictions on providers cost state and local economies $105 billion each year, the report found, by reducing women's income and workforce participation.
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In about a month, the Pennsylvania General Assembly revisits a controversial proposal with five separate amendments to the state Constitution. Groups that oppose Senate Bill 106 are using the next few weeks to rally their forces.
SB 106 could deny the right to abortion care and funding in Pennsylvania without exception. Another potential amendment would tighten rules about voter ID at the ballot box.
Laura Nevitt - executive director of the Keystone Progress Education Fund - said in the meantime, groups like hers are reaching out to voice concerns about SB 106, particularly the prospect of an abortion ban.
"The work now is just about educating people about what this constitutional amendment actually would do," said Nevitt, "why it is not good for the people who live in Pennsylvania, and making every effort and attempt possible to prevent it from getting on the ballot."
Democrats say GOP lawmakers are using the constitutional amendment process because they know the governor would veto standard legislation about these issues.
But this method also means the resolution has to survive two legislative sessions before the amendments could be put on the ballot for a public vote. The second session begins September 12.
The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape also strongly opposes SB 106 and predicts if it's passed, it would be used to block individuals' access to abortions, even in cases of rape or incest.
Donna Greco - public policy and legislative affairs director for the coalition - said their view is that it violates bodily autonomy and reproductive freedom. But for now, she said, a person still has the right to get an abortion.
"Currently, abortion is still legal and protected in Pennsylvania," said Greco, "as well as the range of reproductive healthcare, contraception, emergency contraception. So right now, those services are still legal here throughout the Commonwealth."
Gov. Tom Wolf already filed a lawsuit to protect reproductive rights in the Commonwealth. He contends the amendments are "constitutionally invalid."
The Senate Republican Caucus countered that Pennsylvania voters should be allowed to decide these issues.
Disclosure: Keystone Progress Education Fund contributes to our fund for reporting on Civic Engagement, Energy Policy, Environment, Health Issues. If you would like to help support news in the public interest,
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By Trista Bowser / Broadcast version by Mary Schuermann reporting for the Kent State-Ohio News Connection Collaboration.
After the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in June, an Ohio law that bans abortion after six weeks of pregnancy was allowed to take effect.
A federal judge dissolved an injunction of the state's "heartbeat" bill, on hold since 2019, after Ohio Attorney General Dave Yost (R) filed a motion for emergency relief on June 24, the day of the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v. Jackson. The law bans abortions after the detection of fetal cardiac activity, typically around six weeks of pregnancy and before many women know they're pregnant.
The "heartbeat" bill was created to outlaw abortions as soon as a doctor can detect fetal cardiac activity during a pregnancy. With the bill in effect, the only way an abortion after that date is allowed is if the mother is having complications to her health. The doctor has to show proof that the pregnancy is at risk of harming the mother.
If an illegal abortion is performed, the law makes the doctor criminally liable.
A majority of women don't realize that they are pregnant until their
first missed period, by which time they are already around four weeks pregnant. People with irregular periods may not know until days to weeks later. With the heartbeat bill now in effect, most women will have two weeks or less in which they can get an abortion in Ohio.
Women seeking an abortion after that time will now have to travel outside state lines to a location where the procedure is legal.
State legislatures in Kentucky and West Virginia have outlawed abortion, though Kentucky's ban is currently blocked by the courts. Abortion is still legal in Michigan up to 19.6 weeks into pregnancy, in Indiana up to 22 weeks and in Pennsylvania up to 24 weeks.
Prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs vs. Jackson, Jessie Hill, associate dean for research and faculty development at Case Western Reserve University School of Law, explained that it will be difficult for Ohio women seeking abortions to go out of state.
"The problem with Ohio is that Ohio borders a lot of states where there's not great access either, like Kentucky, Indiana, West Virginia, places like that," she said.
Legislators in the Ohio statehouse were working to limit abortion access in the year leading up to the Dobbs decision.
In December 2021, Gov. DeWine signed Senate Bill 157, which banned Ohio physicians who work for the state in some capacity from undertaking contracts with abortion clinics.
The law was blocked in March, but could be allowed to take effect with Roe v. Wade overturned.
Prior to the ruling, Ohio legislators were also working on
HB 598, which would almost completely ban abortion. To qualify for an exception due to complications to the mother's health, doctors would be required to complete intensive paperwork to prove to the Ohio legislators that it was absolutely necessary. The bill contains no exemptions for pregnancy as a result of rape or incest.
Hill said many women are concerned about what they would do if they became pregnant due to sexual assault. "Being forced to carry it and not wanting a pregnancy to term is just sort of a retraumatization for some people," stated Hill.
Rep. Gary Click (R-Vickery), a co-sponsor of HB 598, said via email that he hopes the Ohio Legislature will call a special session "to align Ohio's laws to reflect the right that every child deserves."
"This is a bright day for the future of the unborn and we should not delay in delivering the American dream to our most vulnerable population one moment longer than necessary," he wrote.
State legislators may continue to pursue further restrictions on abortion in the coming months. On July 11, for instance, Click introduced a bill that would recognize constitutional rights beginning at conception, likely outlawing abortion in Ohio entirely.
As of this writing, there are nine clinics in Ohio still offering abortions up to six weeks, according to Pro-Choice Ohio.
Planned Parenthood of Greater Ohio is still offering abortion services.
"We will keep fighting for legal abortion in Ohio," states a large graphic at the top of Planned Parenthood of Greater Ohio's website. "We will do everything in our power to ensure every person's right to bodily autonomy is upheld. Our health centers have and will remain trusted health care partners for patients across Ohio."
This collaboration is produced in association with Media in the Public Interest and funded in part by the George Gund Foundation.
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