Existen disparidades raciales en Minnesota cuando se trata de casos de asma. Defensores de la justicia ambiental dicen que ese es un ejemplo de la contaminación que afecta de manera desproporcionada a las comunidades de color, y esperan que un proyecto de ley en la Legislatura agregue protecciones.
El plan pide a la Agencia de Control de la Contaminación que considere si un sitio industrial u otra entidad que busca un permiso se sumaría al impacto acumulativo en un área racialmente diversa que ya tiene factores ambientales estresantes. Carolina Ortiz, del grupo de defensa latino COPAL MN, dice que el momento es especialmente importante ya que Minnesota recibe muchos migrantes por razones climáticas de otros países.
"Están huyendo de la contaminación, algunas de las barreras adicionales que enfrentan allí, pero luego vienen aquí para enfrentar lo mismo, solo que en un lugar diferente," expresó Ortiz.
Criterios para estas áreas de justicia ambiental incluirían ciertos porcentajes de personas que no son blancas, que hablan inglés limitado, así como los niveles de ingresos y las tierras tribales. La medida ha sido escuchada por varios comités y se espera que se incluya en un proyecto de ley general más amplio. La Liga de Ciudades de Minnesota reconoce la necesidad, pero le preocupa cómo las instalaciones municipales de agua necesitarán revisiones periódicas de los permisos.
El defensor legal de COPAL, Tim Schaefer, explica que no debe verse como un obstáculo para el crecimiento económico porque puede ayudar a crear comunidades más fuertes y saludables.
"Si el crecimiento económico se produce a expensas de la salud humana, si se produce a expensas de las familias, de la seguridad y el bienestar de las personas, no vale la pena," enfatizó Schaefer.
Roxxanne O'Brien, una defensora de la justicia ambiental en el norte de Minneapolis, añade que los vecindarios en su área a menudo carecen del poder para limitar el desarrollo de la industria, el tráfico y la contaminación que conlleva.
"No somos los que agregamos mucho a la huella de carbono aquí, manifestó OBrien, pero somos los que más la sufren."
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This weekend, Virginians will participate with other birders around the world in the Great Backyard Bird Count.
Thousands of birding enthusiasts count birds seen in their local areas, even within walking distance of their home or in sight of their bird feeders. People need to watch birds for 15 minutes in one location and submit their identified birds to e-bird, a database developed by the Cornell Ornithology Lab and the National Audubon Society.
Max Goldman, statewide access coordinator for the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, said it is important to count birds during the winter months. Traditionally, he said, conservation efforts have only focused on breeding times in the spring.
"Wintering kind of fell by the wayside for a long time, even though, from a conservation perspective, you have to have areas for these birds to spend each part of their life cycle over a year," Goldman explained. "If one of those areas is threatened for whatever reason -- the resources are threatened or the area itself disappears -- then you've got a real problem with the survivability of those species."
In 2024, more than 200 countries participated in the count, identifying nearly 8,000 species of birds worldwide.
Nearly 650,000 people participated in last year's bird count, which is three times the number of people who took part a decade ago.
Goldman noted the count works well for those who are just getting started in their interest in birds.
"It's a really interesting way for people who are new birders to report the birds that are in their backyard or that are in the areas that they already go," Goldman pointed out. "Focus on birds during a time of year when they otherwise wouldn't and to contribute to a really robust, large and important data set."
From the 2023 to 2024 counts, 45% of countries saw a 100% increase in submissions.
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This weekend, birders across the world, including in Maryland, will participate in the Great Backyard Bird Count.
Thousands of birding enthusiasts count birds seen in their local areas, even within walking distance of their home. People taking part watch birds for at least 15 minutes in one location and submit their identified birds to e-bird, a database developed by the Cornell Ornithology Lab and the National Audubon Society.
Gabriel Foley, executive director of the Maryland Bird Conservation Partnership, said the count serves as a good way to understand local bird populations before the large springtime migrations.
"The fact that migration is not occurring during the timing of this makes a big difference," Foley explained. "It's pretty much just to be able to compare this little snapshot of population from year to year."
In 2024, more than 200 countries participated in the Great Backyard Bird Count, identifying nearly 8,000 species of birds worldwide.
Nearly 650,000 people participated in last year's bird count, three times the number of people who participated just a decade ago. Foley added the count is a great way to expand opportunities for less mobile communities to participate in bird conservation efforts.
"Anybody can be involved," Foley pointed out. "It doesn't matter how old you are. It's a great opportunity, especially because it tends to be centered around home, for young folks and older folks, who might have access issues, getting out into places where other bird counts happen."
From the 2023 to 2024 counts, 45% of countries saw a 100% increase in submissions.
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Grasslands are considered a vital component of South Dakota's landscape. But on the heels of new research, an expert suggests they might not fare as well if the rate of drought patterns keeps intensifying.
Scott Collins, a University of New Mexico biology professor, helped co-author a new study that compared grasslands in North America and China, and their ability to recover from a drought. He said the areas they looked at in the United States performed better, despite some being in drier climates.
However, Collins warned that research is still evolving, and said if a warming planet produces more droughts, this is something grassland-heavy regions need to pay close attention to.
"Grasslands are underappreciated. They store a lot of carbon, they harbor a lot of biodiversity," he said. "We really need to think about their future under the climate regimes we're anticipating."
Research authors have said these findings could have broad implications for land management practices under the threat of climate change. Collins said South Dakota's grasslands are more comparable to China's than to the southern Plains states they studied. That means their productivity might suffer more if future drought predictions are accurate.
Collins said the group of researchers who teamed up for this project looked at impacts based on just one drought cycle. No matter how sensitive a grassland is to these conditions, he said, prolonged stretches of no rain -- with few gaps in between -- will eventually overwhelm the vegetation.
"As that happens," he added, "then you'll see a dramatic decline in production, and probably substantial changes in the composition of those grasses. "
Grasslands also contribute to agriculture, especially for livestock grazing. Such groups as the South Dakota Grasslands Coalition are working with area farmers to prepare for these scenarios. That includes tips from experts on how to better manage cattle on drought-stricken lands.
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