Starting a business is fraught with decisions ranging from defining the type of business to start, choosing whether to be a home-based, online, or a brick-and-mortar company, hiring staff and calculating startup and operational costs.

According to the Indiana Small Business Economic Profile 2021, there are nearly 530,000 small businesses in Indiana, employing more than 1.2 million Hoosiers.

David Watkins, senior vice president of entrepreneurship and small business for the Indiana Economic Development Corporation, said the one component large and small companies have in common also makes them competitors.

"It is not easy for a small business at times to compete on a talent basis with some of our large corporations that do great work for the community but are competing for the same workers," Watkins pointed out.

Watkins acknowledged access to capital is important, and the corporation works to connect small businesses to a bank, investor, venture capital firm or loan fund to help them expand.

The Community Reinvestment Act, enacted by Congress in 1977, encourages depository institutions to address the credit needs of the communities in which they operate. In 2019, banks issued $1.5 billion dollars in loans to Indiana businesses with revenues of $1 million or less.

The growing use of social media and online shopping can affect the costs and efficiency of a small business' operations. Watkins noted technology can be both an asset and a hindrance for a small business looking to solve problems.

"If technology can be leveraged to increase production, lower costs, increase the efficiency of their operations, their talent retention," Watkins outlined. "I think the role for the state to play, in that regard, is making sure that our small businesses are aware of and staying on the cutting edge of this technological innovation so that Indiana continues to be at the very forefront of the economy for the future. "

According to the 2021 report, construction, scientific and technical services, retail trade, real estate, rental/leasing, administrative/support and waste management are the state's leading small businesses.

Women owned 42.4% of Indiana businesses, veterans owned 7.2%, Hispanics owned 3.8%, and other racial group -- American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black, or African American, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islanders -- comprise 10.8% of small businesses in Indiana.

The Small Business and Entrepreneurship Council's Small Business Policy Index 2019 researched 50 states based on their public policy climates for the risk-taking that drives economic growth and job creation and ranked Indiana as the eighth-most entrepreneur-friendly state in the nation.

The state of Washington has launched an online system for tracking food poisoning cases.

The Washington State Health Department has opened its Foodborne Illness Notification System for filing complaints about food safety. Bill Marler, a food-safety lawyer in the state, said the system will rely on data to pinpoint potential food-safety hazards.

"If you get more and more people utilizing these services," he said, "just the sheer volume of the data will make it more useful because you get more angles to look at."

The Health Department says the system is anticipated to help with early detection of diseases, illness prevention, proactive safety measures and educational opportunities. The state has noted that one in six Americans suffers from food poisoning each year.

Marler said he believes the data collection will be helpful, but also notes that it isn't a panacea for stopping outbreaks. He said listeria is a good example: the period between consumption and onset of illness is between three and 70 days.

"I'm not sure I can remember what I ate three days ago, let alone what I ate 70 days ago," said Marler. "So, a lot of this analysis is sometimes flawed by people's memories and the incubation periods."

Marler added that listeria is also a pressing example because of the outbreak of it in deli meat. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, two people have died and 28 have been hospitalized from the current outbreak across the country, although no cases have been reported in Washington state.


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Big changes are imminent in the way homes are bought and sold, as the new forms for transactions in California come out today.

The forms are linked to the proposed legal settlement by the National Association of Realtors, which ends the long-standing practice of having a home seller's agent pay a commission to the buyer's agent. It benefited buyers who may not have saved up enough money to pay their agent.

George Lopez, a real estate agent in Indian Wells, explained buyers will now have to negotiate a separate contract to hire and pay their own agent.

"Even with these changes, a buyer can still purchase a home without having the money to pay their agent," Lopez explained. "The general public needs to understand that the real estate commissions have been, and will always be, negotiable - and that if they don't have money to pay their agent, they can still potentially negotiate it in their sale."

The lawsuit contended the old way of selling homes tended to drive up costs, as buyers' agents had more incentive to steer people to sellers willing to pay a higher commission. The changes are intended to empower homebuyers to negotiate for a better deal.

Lopez thinks most sellers will still offer to pay a real estate broker, rather than risk losing out on a big chunk of the prospective buyer pool. But it will have to be negotiated in the offer, as commissions will no longer be stated in the Multiple Listing Service. The changes also mean buyers' agents cannot just meet prospective clients "on the fly" anymore, to go check out a home for sale.

"You have to meet me at the office; we have to have a meeting," Lopez pointed out. "We have to have an agreement in place that said that you're hiring me, or I can't show you any homes."

The new forms real estate agents use to complete transactions will take effect nationwide on Aug. 17.


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A new Virginia law protects residents from utility shutoffs in extreme weather.

The law prevents utility company shutoffs when temperatures are at or below 32 degrees and at or above 92 degrees. It also prevents shutoffs during states of emergency in response to public health emergencies. Virginia was one of 34 states with a shutoff moratorium during the pandemic.

Kajsa Foskey, economic justice outreach coordinator for the Virginia Poverty Law Center, said enacting this law cleared up some misconceptions.

"Most folks already thought that utilities couldn't shut them off on a day when it was too hot or too cold outside," she said. "So, what we've really done is just created some common-sense foundational protection so that all utility customers across the state know what their rights are."

Despite having some of these shutoff guidelines as unwritten rules, utility companies pushed back, saying it didn't allow them flexibility. Foskey said she thinks the state can build on this by including elements that didn't become law. This includes requiring data collection from utilities about who is being shut off, the frequency, reasons, and the amounts owed. She said this can help craft solutions for people facing shutoffs.

Rising utility prices concern advocates since this increases shutoffs. More than 750,000 Virginia families are energy cost-burdened, meaning they spend 6% of their income on utility bills.

Foskey said another removed part of the law would have reduced financial barriers to reconnection.

"When they try to get reconnected," she said, "not only do they have to pay that past-due amount that they couldn't afford to pay, they now also have to pay reconnection fees, late fees, security deposits, things that really just make the barrier to getting reconnected very high."

She added that this can prevent people from being able to afford everyday essentials such as food or rent. However, the new law has a provision for customers who received state energy assistance in the past year. They're eligible for having their deposit capped at 25% of what they previously owed to be reconnected, but this can only be used once every three years.