Dos casos de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos podrían cambiar el papel de las agencias federales a la hora de aclarar leyes ambiguas. Los casos 'Loper Bright Enterprises versus Raimondo' y 'Relentless, Inc. versus Departamento de Comercio', podrían revocar lo que se conoce como la "deferencia Chevron". Es la práctica de los tribunales federales de ceder ante las agencias federales la resolución de ambigüedades en una ley. Sin él, los jueces podrían tomar la decisión sin la experiencia de la agencia. Jim Murphy, de National Wildlife Federation, dice que esto podría tener amplias implicaciones para las leyes ambientales de larga data.

"Las agencias estarían muy paralizadas a la hora de interpretar disposiciones sobre cómo, por ejemplo, regular el mercurio que sale de una chimenea o cómo regular las PFAS que podrían estar amenazando el suministro de agua potable," argumentó el entrevistado.

Murphy añade que esto podría hacer que abordar los objetivos climáticos nacionales sea más desafiante. Él cree que las agencias podrían dudar en abordar amenazas como el cambio climático y los PFAS o los llamados "químicos permanentes". La única manera de evitar esto sería que el Congreso codificara la deferencia Chevron como ley.

Si bien esto no afectará la ley estatal, Murphy insiste que podría ser más difícil para los estados tener leyes climáticas estrictas. Eliminar la deferencia Chevron también podría estimular un aumento de casos que buscan desmantelar leyes como la Ley de Aire Limpio y la Ley de Agua Limpia. Menciona que el tribunal ha utilizado lo que se conoce como la "Doctrina de las Preguntas Mayores" para eludir la deferencia Chevron.

"La Doctrina de las Preguntas Mayores defiende la proposición de que si el tribunal piensa que una agencia está regulando de una manera que tiene implicaciones económicas o políticas importantes, para poder hacerlo, necesita una dirección clara del Congreso," enfatizó además Murphy.

Un ejemplo que cita es Sackett versus EPA, un caso de 2023 que llegó hasta la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos. El tribunal superior redujo la definición de la agencia de "aguas de los Estados Unidos", poniendo fin a las protecciones de muchos arroyos y humedales estacionales.

West Virginia environmental groups are suing the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, arguing the agency failed to consider residents' health when it gave the stamp of approval for the creation of four valley fills on a thousand-acre surface mine in Raleigh County.

Vernon Halton, executive director of the nonprofit Coal River Mountain Watch says the region experienced severe flooding in the 1990s and early 2000s, and says more valley fills, which involve dumping rocks, minerals and waste into nearby waterways, will put their lives at risk.

"It's going to permanently endanger the people whose homes are in the valleys below, he explained."

According to Environment America, valley fills permanently bury headwater streams and reduce water quality. More than 2,000 miles of headwater streams have been buried due to mountaintop removal.

Haltom added that communities continue to grapple with health challenges unparalleled outside of the coalfields.

"Higher rates of cancer, higher rates of heart disease, higher rates of birth defects, higher rates of other diseases, and most of them can be linked to the airborne dust that people are forced to breathe," he continued.

Research has shown breathing in toxic dust promotes the growth of lung cancer cells in people living in communities near mountaintop removal. Coal is mined in 22 of West Virginia's 55 counties, according to federal data.

A Knoxville environmental group is raising concerns over federal budget cuts and their effects on jobs at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge.

The Trump Administration briefly laid off workers at the complex but called them back the next day.

Tanvi Kardile, coordinator for the Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance, warned the cuts, including layoffs at the Department of Energy and National Nuclear Security Administration, are troubling. She advocated shifting jobs from weapons production to environmental cleanup, citing ongoing efforts to address groundwater contamination, though she pointed out cost overruns and major concerns remain unaddressed.

"One of these cuts we feel should be the uranium processing facility, which is being constructed to replace, all these old, deteriorating buildings at Y-12," Kardile explained. "The budget for that keeps skyrocketing.
And this is one of the largest construction projects in Tennessee history."

Kardile emphasized the uranium processing facility is estimated to cost $10.3 billion and will not be complete in 2031. Initially, the project was expected to cost $6.5 billion and be finished by this year.

Kardile added her group is hesitant about Trump's statement expressing his intention to initiate nuclear arms reduction negotiations with China and Russia. The future of the U.S. nuclear weapons program remains uncertain as a result.

"Who knows if reduction talks will happen or how successful they'll be, especially with some other energy initiatives that he supports, such as discrediting climate change, promoting fossil fuels and drilling," Kardile outlined. "It doesn't seem like the administration will take many initiatives to protect the environment."

Kardile argued it is crucial for Tennesseans to push for greater accountability from the Department of Energy on the rising cost of Y-12 and collaborate with lawmakers to find the best path to allocate their tax dollars and protect public health.

Ohio is seeing a growing number of solar energy projects, including the first utility-scale installation in Dayton, which will help power a key water treatment facility.

Cities across the state are also working together to expand clean energy access. The five-megawatt solar array in Dayton will be built on a brownfield site, which is also a repurposing project for land that had been burned and has limited use because of contamination.

Robert McCracken, energy manager for the neighboring city of Cincinnati, said it is amazing to be able to produce energy to help with energy resiliency anywhere in Ohio.

"There is a lot of great work happening in the sustainable energy field throughout the state of Ohio," McCracken observed. "That's happening in large cities and small towns."

It is expected to provide 38% of the Miami Water Treatment Plant's electrical power needs and cut consumer energy bills by keeping water rates low. The City of Dayton serves as the principal water source for an estimated 1.5 million people in southwest Ohio.

McCracken pointed out local governments across Ohio recognize the importance of clean energy and are working collaboratively on solutions.

"It's become ever more important for all of those cities throughout Ohio ... to be working together to figure out how we all can advance the projects that we're working on that can benefit residents and businesses in each of our local communities," McCracken contended.

The project supports Dayton's climate emergency commitment to cutting carbon emissions at city facilities through renewable energy. McCracken emphasized Ohio cities remain dedicated to sustainable solutions, benefiting the environment and local communities.


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