Advocates for affordable housing are still grappling with a U.S. Supreme Court decision they say could criminalize homelessness. Justices voted 6-3 in favor of Grants Pass, Ore., which passed an ordinance allowing fines for people sleeping in public, even if they have nowhere else to go.
Rachael Myers, executive director of the Washington Low-Income Housing Alliance, said the decision comes as many people in Washington state struggle to stay housed.
"The affordable housing crisis that we're experiencing right now is part of what makes this decision so painful. We're saying that it's okay to punish people for not having a place to live, when at the same time, the cost of housing is so astronomical," she said.
Critics of the decision say it opens the doors to cities implementing their own policies to punish people for sleeping outdoors. Supporters of Grants Pass say cities have had few options for responding to homelessness.
In ruling the anti-camping ban did not violate the Eighth Amendment against cruel and unusual punishment, Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote the high court should not "dictate this nation's homelessness policy."
Myers noted Washingtonians needed to make more than $36 per hour at a full time job in 2023 to afford to rent the average two-bedroom apartment.
"It's especially a slap in the face when housing costs are so out of control, and when we know what to do about it. We know that providing people with housing and services is what is going to actually reduce homelessness and addressing the individuals' homelessness. Fines and tickets and arrests won't do that," she explained.
Myers added enforcing bans on sleeping outdoors could also divert resources.
"It costs a lot of money to incarcerate people, and we could be devoting any resources that go into arresting people or fining and ticketing people - we could be putting those resources into housing, into services, into shelter," she continued.
Myers said Washington state lawmakers could look at this issue and potentially take anti-camping bans off the table during their next legislative session.
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North Dakota housing assistance offices helping with rent vouchers and discrimination cases are having to do more with less as federal changes take shape, and they warned additional headwinds are possible.
In recent months, the Trump administration has implemented a flurry of moves dealing with the Department of Housing and Urban Development, including staff reductions in field offices.
Dave Klein, executive director of the Great Plains Housing Authority, said it makes it hard to seek guidance when working with clients on HUD-backed initiatives.
"It does have an impact of when you're trying to do certain things," Klein pointed out. "We can't come up with an answer or get the resources for the landlord and the tenant in a timely fashion, or in a fashion that we used to be able to."
House Republicans and the White House want to cut rental aid, saying money should be shifted to states to reshape their programs. Klein countered it would take time and legislative work, as many people still struggle with rising housing costs. He added some plans could reduce administrative burdens, depending on how they are crafted. The HUD Secretary said existing programs are too "bloated and bureaucratic."
The Trump administration already cut HUD grants to help prevent housing discrimination based on an applicant's sexual orientation or gender identity.
Michelle Rydz, executive director of the High Plains Fair Housing Center, said without the funding, they are in a bind educating LGBTQ+ populations about their rights, including informing them about subtle forms of unfair practices.
"They say discrimination is with a smile and a handshake, so they might get delayed in getting responded to, not shown as many apartments," Rydz explained.
Like Klein, Rydz worries about the long-term future of rental aid, with the White House proposal including a nearly 40% reduction.
"The administration said as they were coming into office that they were going to address the high cost of living," Rydz observed. "But really, looking at the proposals, it looks to me like it's going to only increase housing instability."
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Minnesota's legislative session is hovering around its endpoint and lawmakers found extra room in the budget to expand affordable housing.
Those assisting renters and aspiring homeowners said it helps but the resource gap remains wide. The housing finance bill sent to the governor includes an extra $15 million to support programs keeping people in their homes amid rising costs or create pathways to secure housing. The Legislature was looking to trim spending this session.
Libby Murphy, director of policy for the Minnesota Housing Partnership, was happy to see bipartisanship prevent taking a big step backward.
"One in every four households is getting some type of federal or state rental assistance," Murphy pointed out. "That speaks to the volume of the need. So, we're grateful for these investments. We're grateful that housing did see an increase in spending."
Still, she noted it is disappointing a $75 million increase was whittled down. A March report from the partnership said the state has a housing shortage of nearly 100,000 units. It showed wages have failed to keep pace with housing costs, including for the state's most in-demand workers, such as registered nurses. A program benefiting from new spending focuses on homeownership opportunities for those workers.
Murphy acknowledged this year's investment pales in comparison to the historic $1.3 billion housing package from the 2023 session but added it was an outlier and initiatives from the aid package are still coming together, as expected.
"Things like Bring It Home Rental Assistance, which is a more permanent rental assistance program, that is still getting up and running," Murphy explained. "Other brick and mortar programs, it often takes those resources a few years to get out the door."
Other assistance groups said higher interest rates are getting in the way of some affordable housing projects taking off. Another new investment this year includes boosting grants for rural communities to get started on housing infrastructure, making their communities more attractive to developers.
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Rents in Los Angeles were already high before the firestorm earlier this year, but now a coalition of housing groups is suing six landlords for price gouging.
In California, it is generally illegal to raise rents more than 10% following an emergency declaration, but the nonprofit Strategic Actions for a Just Economy has found many units where advertised rates jumped 25% to almost 50%.
Heeyoung Linda Park, an attorney with the Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles, a co-counsel for the plaintiffs, has been watching the activity.
"When they tracked these rental prices, they found hundreds of properties illegally gouging rents, and so there were so many that they eventually had to recruit volunteers to help them track the listings and identify the worst offenders," Park said.
Attempts to reach the defendants for comment were unsuccessful. The first court appearance is scheduled for later this summer. The City of Los Angeles is seeking $62 million in damages in a separate lawsuit against different landlords.
Rodney Leggett, an attorney with the Housing Rights Center, is also a co-counsel for the plaintiffs alongside the Western Center on Law & Poverty and the California Center for Movement Legal Services.
"We find it very exploitive to sort of take advantage of people when they're most desperate, including people who have been displaced as a result of the wildfires," he said.
More than 16,000 structures were destroyed by the Palisades and Eaton fires, adding more pressure to an already-stretched rental market.
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