Nevada is home to North America's largest lithium deposit, a needed metal for electric vehicle battery manufacturing. And while some argue EVs are the way of the future, especially as communities in Nevada and around the world continue to battle climate change, others are more skeptical about how "green" EVs truly are.

Jarod Kelly, principal energy systems analyst at the Argonne National Laboratory, a science and engineering research center, has been looking into exactly that. Put simply, he said research shows EVs are better for the environment than their gas-powered counterparts.

"We see electric vehicles outperform internal combustion engine vehicles, assuming that vehicle is basically the same as the other one. That is a pretty clear picture that the environmental community has seen from the research that we have conducted," Kelly said.

While the manufacturing process of an EV or hybrid battery does produce harmful greenhouse-gas emissions, they still account for less over the lifetime of an electrified car when compared with gas-powered ones. PNAS has created "emission calculators," which use Argonne data. Kelly explained the calculators simplify his organization's more complex model called GREET, which examines the effects of different transportation fuels and vehicle technologies on energy use and the environment.

If the adoption and implementation of more renewable energies become stronger in the coming years, meaning the electrical grid around the country becomes less dependent on fossil fuels, researchers such as Kelly suspect greenhouse gas emissions from electric vehicles would flatten out instead of continuing in an upward slope as current models show.

"We have to understand both how you make that vehicle, that is what we call the 'production burden,' and then also what goes into operating that vehicle, so driving it where you are trying to go, and we call that the 'fuel cycle.'" he continued.

While many drivers may be hesitant in switching to an EV due to the availability of charging infrastructure, Kelly said hybrids may be a good alternative. While the much smaller batteries in hybrids don't require such large carbon emissions to manufacture, the emissions savings over the long haul are still significantly less than an EV as they also use gas.

This story is based on original reporting by Peter Aldhous for the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

President Donald Trump's budget bill took another step forward Tuesday by passing in the U.S. Senate.

The bill would end some tax credits one Kansas manufacturer said are vital to American competitiveness abroad.

Kurt Neutgens, cofounder and president of Kansas City-based Orange EV, which manufactures electric yard hostlers, chargers and battery storage systems, explained his industrial customers use a $40,000 tax credit to help purchase his all-electric yard hostlers for loading and unloading cargo.

Senate Republicans voted to cut the tax credit by September. Neutgens pointed out EV manufacturers, and renewable energy companies in general, frequently compete with Chinese manufacturers, which are subsidized by the government.

"If we don't support clean energy, from materials to manufacturing to assembly to even clean energy products all the way up to vehicles, in this bill then we are really handing dominance to China for all of that," Neutgens asserted.

Policies like the EV tax credits from President Joe Biden's Inflation Reduction Act have been in the Trump administration's crosshairs. Republican lawmakers have argued market competition should be the driving force on which vehicles -- electric or gas -- people drive.

Neutgens, who employs more than 300 people, said tax credits help the electric vehicle manufacturers increase their volume, which will allow them to compete with China.

"We need these incentives to be able to get ourselves to a level where we have enough volume so that we can compete," Neutgens emphasized. "Even though they're getting government subsidies."

A study by Princeton University found if electric vehicle tax credits are cut and clean air regulations for vehicles are curtailed, EV sales could drop up to 40% by 2030, compared to what they'd be if the Biden-era policies continued.


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The U.S. Department of Transportation has frozen millions in grant dollars awarded by the Biden administration, leaving those counting on them in limbo.

Powell County, Montana was set to receive more than $6.3 million for its Parks to Passes project, a collaboration with neighboring groups and governments to close gaps in a pedestrian and biking corridor spanning roughly 230 miles between Butte and the Idaho border. The trail is part of the larger Great American Rail-Trail route.

Kevin Mills, vice president of policy for the Rails to Trails Conservancy, said the eventual coast-to-coast trail will stretch 3,700 miles from Washington, D.C., to Washington state.

"It's really stalling an important connection in that nationwide trail," Mills pointed out. "That puts at risk Montana's potential to tap into what we've calculated to be $16 million in new economic development."

The grant was part of President Joe Biden's Rebuilding American Infrastructure with Sustainability and Equity program. U.S. Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy said the Biden administration delayed construction with, quote, "leftist social requirements" including the consideration of a project's climate change and social justice impacts.

In addition to economic and climate benefits, effective trail corridors improve safety. Mills noted 9,000 pedestrians and cyclists die on roads each year in the U.S. and 130,000 more are injured.

"This is a problem that's really grown over the last decade because we don't really provide safe places to walk and bike," Mills explained. "These federal grants that are on hold are sorely needed to make the situation better."

In Montana, he added, about $200 million in grants have been frozen, including $10 million for trail projects.

New data show Arizona's two largest airports have fared well for on-time departures and arrivals but the same cannot be said about U.S. airlines in general.

Air travelers filed about 67,000 complaints last year, up 9% from 2023, according to a new report from the Public Interest Research Group Education Fund. The top grievances were cancellations and delays, not receiving refunds and luggage being lost or damaged.

Teresa Murray, consumer watchdog director for the group's Arizona education fund, said the number of travelers was expected to increase by about 7% this year but economic uncertainty and concerns from international travelers has curbed it. She noted Delta, Southwest and United have all indicated they will cut their number of flights in the months ahead.

"Then you throw in the safety issue," Murray added. "We don't have any way of knowing -- and I don't think the airlines really know for sure -- what to expect in the months ahead, although it is certainly expected that maybe we won't see a 7% increase in passengers this year."

Murray pointed out travelers have more rights this year than they did a year ago. For instance, complaints about refunds and delays prompted action from Congress on an FAA reauthorization bill, which mandates airlines to issue fast, no-hassle refunds if a flight is canceled for any reason. Online, people can visit pirg.org/flighttips for more information.

Murray noted overall, cancellations and delays across the nation increased last year. Just this week, Newark Airport saw many delays and cancellations after the FAA issued a ground stop following an outage at one of its air traffic control facilities. Murray argued flyers need to be in the know and on alert about where they are flying through.

"Pay attention to the news," Murray urged. "Because there are going to be other hot spots where, because of the air traffic control shortages and because of equipment, there may be some airports that are just a little bit more headache-inducing than what we've seen."

Murray realizes some are on edge about the current state of the airline industry but emphasized being courteous and respectful to fellow passengers and airline representatives goes a long way.