FARMINGTON, N.M. - An effort is under way to get Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM) to clean up nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) being emitted by the San Juan Generating Station. According to New Energy Economy, the coal-fired electric plant emits more than 8.5 million tons of carbon pollution and requires more than 9.3 billion gallons of clean water each year.

John Bucsher, chair of the Sierra Club Rio Grande Chapter, says the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has requested that PNM employ "selective catalytic reduction" (SCR) to reduce pollutants, as called for in the Clean Air Act. But PNM is resisting, he says.

"They don't really want to do it. They want to spend as little money as possible. Frequently, large companies feel that their primary role is to maximize profit for their investors."

The Sierra Club says installing these pollution controls will lower nitrogen oxide emissions by 90 percent, thus reducing health problems such as asthma, heart attacks, strokes, cancer, birth defects and infant mortality. He adds it will also make the Four Corners' panorama more majestic, through clear air, and that will attract tourists to visit and spend money in the local economy.

PNM Executive Director of Environmental Services Maureen Gannon says a study performed by an international engineering firm indicates a less-expensive technology would also meet federal standards.

"When you look at the visibility improvements with either of those technologies, there's very little change in terms of decibews."

A decibew is a visibility measurement, much as a decibel is an audio measurement.

It will be up to the EPA to decide which technology is installed at the coal-fired plant.

Bucsher says the utility claims the cost of using SCR technology will be a financial burden. He says PNM's cost estimate is exaggerated and the utility's resistance to installing SCR has to do with loss of profits.

"They went to court and said, 'This is too expensive. Our ratepayers and our shareholders can't afford it. There are cheaper technologies that we could deploy. They won't be as effective, but we think they'll be good enough.'"

According to Gannon, SCR installation would cost PNM, its shareholders and ratepayers $750 million or more. The Sierra Club points out that the EPA's cost estimate is $345 million, and PNM's share of that would be only $160 million, since the utility owns just 46 percent of the plant.

PNM would agree to install selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) at a cost of approximately $77 million, Gannon says, if the state's plan prevails. She says SNCR would cost about one-tenth as much as SCR.

Either plan will work, according to PNM Public Information Officer Don Brown.

"Both the state plan and the EPA plan address regional haze and meet federal standards."

The Western Environmental Law Center and Earthjustice filed the motion in federal court in October, on behalf of New Energy Economy, San Juan Citizens Alliance, National Park Conservation Association, Diné Citizens Against Ruining our Environment and the Sierra Club.


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As state budget negotiations continue, groups fighting climate change are asking California lawmakers to cut subsidies for oil and gas companies rather than slash programs designed to slow global warming.

Gov. Gavin Newsom's current proposal would cut oil and gas tax breaks by $22 million this year and $17 million the following year.

Barry Vesser, COO for The Climate Center, a nonprofit advocacy group, would like to see all subsidies eliminated.

"Oil and gas companies are one of the drivers of climate change, so we should not be making their profit margins bigger by providing public subsidies, and making it harder for renewables to compete against them," Vesser argued.

Gov. Newsom has also proposed to cut funding for climate-friendly programs helping lower-income families buy an electric vehicle or switch from gas to electric appliances.

Kevin Slagle, vice president of strategic communications for the Western States Petroleum Association, said in a statement, "California's already tough business climate is pushing companies to the brink. Removing incentives will drive California straight into the arms of more expensive foreign oil, ramping up costs for everyday Californians who can least afford it."

Vesser countered the threat of higher gas prices is a red herring.

"There's a lot that goes into calculating how much the cost of gas is, and this is not even pennies on the dollar," Vesser contended.

The state Senate's early action proposal estimated the budget deficit will be between $38 billion and $53 billion. The governor is expected to release new details on his budget priorities in mid-May. The Legislature must pass a balanced budget by June 15.

The New York HEAT Act might not make the final budget.

The bill reduces the state's reliance on natural gas and cuts ratepayer costs by eliminating certain rules. It was in both legislative chambers' one-house budgets, but last-minute scrambling could remove it.

New York League of Conservation Voters Policy Director Patrick McClellan said, aside from people's preference for natural gas, other challenges have made the bill hard to pass.

"I think that there has also been some irresponsible fear-mongering against this bill from some people who oppose it," said McClellan, "basically telling people this means that their natural gas service is going to be taken away from them tomorrow, or it's going to happen without warning, and that's just not the case."

The bill would not mean gas companies could walk away from providing service to new customers, since its effects occur over a longer period.

Rural lawmakers have been skeptical about relying solely on electricity, since people could lose power in bad storms.

If the bill isn't part of the budget, McClellan said the Public Service Commission can do more to require gas utilities factor climate change into their long-term plans.

It will take more than one bill for New York State to reach its climate goals.

McClellan said developing thermal energy networks is one way to build on what the HEAT Act would do, and provide good ways to decarbonize on a larger scale instead of going house by house.

"You're able to get a larger number of buildings and people all at once," McClellan explained. "The other exciting thing about thermal energy networks is, because you are talking fundamentally about piping systems that are underground, it's an extremely similar skill set for people who already work in the fossil fuel industry."

The bill would also eliminate the Hundred Foot Rule. This requires utilities to connect new customers to a gas line for free based on their distance to an existing main gas line, typically 100 feet.

This rule allowed utilities to shift around $1 billion in costs onto about 170,000 ratepayers.

Virginia's General Assembly will consider budget amendments to reenter the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, known as RGGI.

Gov. Glenn Youngkin pulled the state out of RGGI at the end of 2023, and now experts said the holes in the budget left by RGGI funding going away are not being filled. Money from the program was used to fund climate mitigation work.

Jay Ford, Virginia policy manager for the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, said the state saw many benefits when it was part of RGGI.

"We were reducing fossil fuel emissions that were being created here in Virginia," Ford pointed out. "There were some clear reductions as a result of our participation. So, we're improving air quality and we are helping expedite that transition to a clean economy."

Virginia residents mostly favored staying in RGGI, but Youngkin has said the reason for pulling out was in his view, it was a "hidden tax" for ratepayers. Ford estimated homeowners paid around $2 a month from their electric bills for RGGI and argued the trade-offs were worth it.

Between 2021 and 2023, RGGI revenue generated around $828 million for Virginia. Ford thinks not rejoining the initiative could slow down Virginia's ability to reach the Clean Economy Act's climate goals, and warned other effects could be costly to communities.

"On the ground in communities around the state, if we don't get back into RGGI, there's a real potential that the work to prepare the Commonwealth, and prepare our communities for climate impacts, could grind to a halt," Ford contended.

Virginia used RGGI money to help towns and cities fund their climate resilience plans. The state used 25-million RGGI dollars to establish a Climate Resilience Fund. There have been 107 "billion-dollar disasters" since 1980 in Virginia, with long-term costs totaling between $20 billion and $50 billion.