Con la fecha límite acercándose rápidamente para aprobar los nuevos mapas de votación en Pensilvania, la comisión a cargo de crear mapas de la Cámara y el Senado está organizando audiencias públicas esta semana para recibir comentarios de los residentes.

La Comisión de Redistribución Legislativa albergará ocho horas de audiencias para los días jueves y viernes en Harrisburg.

Carol Kuniholm de Fair Districts PA dice que crear nuevos mapas una vez cada diez años basándose en el cambio de población nunca es una tarea fácil. Ella dice que en el mapa propuesto por el Senado, existe preocupación por un patrón de grandes desviaciones de la población ideal del distrito que necesita abordarse.

"Cuando una región esta muy por debajo de la población, y una región esta muy por encima, el territorio que esta por debajo de la población en realidad esta obteniendo mas representación," subraya Kuniholm. "Y la zona que esta por encima termina perdiendo representación. Esto debería reflejar el hecho de que los municipios no son todos del mismo tamaño."

Cuatro audiencias están programadas para el 14 y 15 de enero en Harrisburg. Las audiencias se transmitirán por Zoom para que los residentes de Pensilvania se unan virtualmente. El Departamento de Estado ha solicitado que los mapas de la Cámara, el Senado y el Congreso sean aprobados antes del 24 de enero para cumplir con los plazos para las elecciones primarias de mayo de 2022.

Kuniholm dice que los comentarios que la comisión recibe del público son clave para ayudar al organismo de cinco miembros a realizar los cambios necesarios en los mapas. Ella dice que es necesario dar ejemplos concretos de las necesidades de su comunidad y el por qué una buena representación es importante.

"El distrito escolar que ha tenido muy pocos fondos y esta realmente luchando por recuperarse, ese tipo de testimonio es realmente útil," asegura Kuniholm. "Si las personas pueden presentar un caso muy especifico del por que su comunidad necesita atención, es un buen comentario que ofrecer."

La comisión está aceptando comentarios públicos sobre los mapas de la Cámara y el Senado hasta el 18 de enero. Los residentes de Pensilvania también pueden proporcionar testimonios escritos en el sitio web de la comisión.

A version of this report originally appeared on The Daily Yonder.
Broadcast version by Emily Scott for Arkansas News Service for the Public News Service/Daily Yonder Collaboration

The 2020 U.S. Census results showed racial and ethnic diversity of rural populations, including in Arkansas, has grown nearly 20% over the last 10 years.

Researchers predict it could have big implications for resources such as schools and social services. A report from the University of New Hampshire's Carsey School of Public Policy found diversity is increasing both because minority populations are growing and because the non-Hispanic white population is diminishing.

Daniel Lichter, professor emeritus at Cornell University and one of the report's authors, said the diverse population in rural America is growing most among children younger than 18.

"Built into our age structure of rural America is a pattern of continuing racial diversity," Lichter explained. "As an older Baby Boom generation dies off, [they] are succeeded by racial minority groups that are now entering young adulthood, the period of family formation."

Rural America remains predominantly non-Hispanic white at 76% of its population, a 5% decline over the last decade. Between 2010 and 2020, Arkansas saw a 38% increase in people identifying as Hispanic or Latino.

Ken Johnson, demographer and professor of sociology at the University of New Hampshire and a co-author of the report, said while new immigrant and ethnic groups potentially could serve as an economic lifeline to small towns, it also presents a challenge for local school districts and other social services in these already under-resourced communities.

"They're going to have to provide a more diverse body of teaching," Johnson pointed out. "They're going to have to make sure that material is available in languages other than English, not just for the children but for their parents who are going to have to work with them to teach them at home."

The researchers added the growth can help support a dwindling labor force in these communities and also help create a more inclusive society. The ethnic and racial diversity growth in the U.S. has not been evenly distributed nationwide. It is reflected in the fact some counties in each region of the country are becoming more diverse, while others have seen little change in diversity.

Kenneth M. Johnson and Daniel T. Lichter wrote a version of this story for The Daily Yonder.

A new report found Texas likely undercounted the number of people who actually live in the state when gathering information for the 2020 census.

The census guides where federal money -- some $1.5 trillion -- is spent based on population. Texas was one of six states showing an undercount, while eight states showed an overcount.

Thomas Wolf, deputy director of the Democracy Program at the Brennan Center for Justice, said the new data will not change the population numbers used for Congressional reapportionment or redistricting, but can have a direct effect on people's well-being.

"If your state goes undercounted, there's a risk that you'll end up with less funding than you should for things like education, health care, food assistance, highways," Wolf outlined. "Basically, the whole infrastructure of your community and state."

Before the census, advocates warned of a significant undercount in the Latino population after the Trump administration tried to add a question about citizenship to the census. Although the question eventually was excluded, experts say it could have triggered lower response rates from Latinos.

California, the most populous U.S. state, did not have a significant population undercount in the census, but Wolf noted it also spent $187 million in supplemental census outreach, while Texas declined to spend any money on outreach.

"The decision itself, regardless of the motivation, is sort of penny wise/pound-foolish," Wolf remarked. "Yes, you save money from not investing in census outreach, but what you get in return is an undercount that then deprives you of millions of federal dollars."

According to the Urban Institute, if the residents of Texas had been counted accurately in 2020, the state would have received at least $247 million more in 2021 federal Medicaid reimbursements. Other states among the top six likely undercounting their population include Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Mississippi and Tennessee.

A new report found the 2020 census significantly undercounted the Latino population nationwide, by almost 5%, more than three times the undercount from the 2010 census.

By establishing population data, the census guides where federal dollars are spent.

Thomas Saenz, president of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, said the undercount could mean less money for dozens of programs benefiting children and young adults in Nevada, including Medicaid and food assistance.

"The federal funding implicates things like education, child care services, transportation, parks and health care," Saenz outlined. "There isn't really a federal program or even state and local decision-making that is not going to be affected by an undercount in the census."

An analysis from the Urban Institute last winter projected an undercount of more than 20,000 people of all races statewide, including a slight overcount of white residents and a net undercount of 2.19% for Hispanics living in Nevada.

Before the census, advocates warned of a significant undercount in the Latino population after the Trump administration tried to add a question about citizenship to the census.

Saenz believes the move was designed to trigger lower response rates, specifically from the Latino community.

"And even though many of those efforts were stopped in court, the public attention to them clearly had an impact," Saenz observed. "That means that the Latino community will suffer as a result of that undercount over the course of the next decade."

The pandemic made it much harder to obtain an accurate count, because so many people had to move after losing their jobs. Children, particularly those from low-income families who tend to be renters, have traditionally been the hardest for census-takers to count.