The city where you live could be making you, your family and your friends more unconsciously racist, or by contrast, it could make you less racist.

Study findings from New Mexico's Santa Fe Institute show how population, diversity and segregation combine to form a person's unconscious racial bias.

Andrew Stier, a psychologist, postdoctoral fellow at the Santa Fe Institute and lead author of the study, examined why it is true in some cities more than others. He said the research showed those who rub elbows with many different kinds of people revealed less prejudice.

"You learn to do that because you interact with people that are different from you, and you learn something that is not a stereotype of about them, and you think of that person as a person," Stier explained.

Stier pointed out diverse interactions force people to adapt to new situations and learning. The study is based on data from the popular online "Implicit Association Test," which asks volunteer participants to categorize their response when given a pairing of white or Black faces with positive or negative words. A faster association of white equals "good" or black equals "bad" can show inherent racial bias.

To build their model, the researchers took the average bias scores from almost 3 million individuals in different geographic areas and linked them to racial demographics and population data from the U.S. Census. Stier emphasized many cities create dense and diverse networks of social interaction, but not all, including Chicago where he lived for 10 years.

"If you have a city that is very diverse, but very segregated like Chicago is, that diversity doesn't get you that much in terms of not being racist," Stier observed. "It's not just the psychology but also who you can access and what types of opportunities you can have."

He noted in cities where people cannot encounter and interact with people and institutions used by other groups, racial biases create major barriers to equity and amplify disparities including access to medical care, education, employment, policing, mental health outcomes and physical health.


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Five years after George Floyd's murder by a white police officer sparked nationwide protests and demands for police reform, progress remains slow.

Across the country, police were involved in more killings in 2024 than any year in more than a decade, including 17 in Oregon, and Black people continue to be killed disproportionately.

Sandy Chung, executive director of the ACLU of Oregon, said some police reform measures in the state, like banning tear gas and decriminalizing drug use, were passed after the protests and revoked soon after.

"There have been a lot of fights we've had to make sure that the powers of the police aren't expanded in ways that are really harmful to our democracy and civil liberties, civil rights," Chung explained.

A 2021 Oregon law established the Commission on Statewide Law Enforcement Standards of Conduct and Discipline, which Chung supports. However, she noted it lacks a protocol for addressing officers involved in white supremacist groups.

Chung criticized an Oregon bill just passed by the Senate to expand police drone surveillance with less court oversight. She argued more funding and power for law enforcement will not improve community safety. It is especially dangerous now, as she warned the Trump administration is weaponizing policing to target opponents and suppress free speech.

Chung argued Oregonians know addressing the root causes of crime is what makes communities safer.

"To make sure that people have access to good jobs, to health care, to schooling, to housing," Chung outlined.

Chung added many of the most successful police reforms are happening on a local, rather than a state level, and pointed to the Community Board for Police Accountability created by Portland voters in 2020. She noted the model, which has not yet been implemented, incorporates the best practices recommended for an oversight committee.


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New research finds Black working women still face rampant discrimination in the Golden State.

The California Black Women's Collective Empowerment Institute commissioned a survey of 452 Black women. Almost 60% reported experiencing workplace racism or gender discrimination in the past year.

Shakari Byerly, managing partner of EVITARUS Research, conducted the survey.

"Nearly half feel marginalized, excluded from or passed over for work opportunities," Byerly reported. "Only 16% strongly agree that opportunities for leadership and or advancement in their workplace are available to them."

Among respondents, 59% reported being somewhat satisfied in their job but 38% said they are unsatisfied, with company leadership and work culture to blame. They also cited microaggressions, wage disparities and lack of mentoring or access to leadership roles.

Byerly noted one-third of those surveyed said they do not feel supported by their supervisor at work.

"They were subjected to stereotypes, were talked down to, or subjected to disrespectful communication at work," Byerly explained. "And 38% say they were accused or thought of as an angry Black woman."

The report called on the state to enforce pay equity, expand antidiscrimination protections and ensure workplace accountability. They called on companies to invest in Black women's leadership development and eliminate bias in workplace culture.


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The American Federation of Teachers and the American Sociological Association are suing the Trump administration over threats to defund schools it believes are promoting the concepts of diversity, equity and inclusion.

In a letter, the Department of Education laid out its plans to cut funding for schools that don't comply. Critics say the administration is distorting anti-discrimination laws to block efforts that support disadvantaged students of color.

Arthur Steinberg, president of the Pennsylvania AFT chapter, warned that the cuts could affect nearly 800,000 lower-income students and more than 360,000 special-education students.

"The Trump administration is now attempting to use the threat of federal funds to infringe on people's rights of free speech," he said. "There is already a mandate that college presidents can't tell schools and colleges what to teach."

Steinberg said Gov. Josh Shapiro is all for teaching what he's called "honest history," as is the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He noted that some Republicans in the state Senate would go along with the Trump administration. The lawsuit was filed last week in federal court in Maryland.

Steinberg criticized the letter as vague for failing to define "DEI" and threatening to withhold federal money from school districts with programs of which the new administration disapproves. He said he sees it as an attack on students and educators, and emphasized the importance of Black history as well as all facets of American history.

"It bans meaningful instruction on everything from slavery to the Emancipation Proclamation, the forced relocation of Native American Tribes and the laws of Jim Crow," he said, "not to mention the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II and attempts to upend the Civil Rights Act."

The letter suggested that current DEI policies discriminate against white and Asian students. It states that schools should comply with civil rights laws, stop using "indirect methods to avoid race-related prohibitions" and avoid "third-party services that circumvent race rules."