SANTA CRUZ, Calif. - President Barack Obama on Thursday announced the expansion of two national monuments in California - California Coastal National Monument and Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument at the Oregon border.
Much more than recognition of the unique history or geography of a place, this kind of designation can be a strategic, and often political, move to protect public lands and right historical wrongs.
That's what's happening here, said Valentin Lopez, who chairs the Amah Mutsun Tribal Band and is a descendant of the Cotoni people who once lived in and around the Santa Cruz coast.
"We're just very grateful that we are finally giving recognition to our Cotoni ancestors," he said. "Whenever the missions came in, they did all they could to erase our culture and our identity. So, there are very few marks that identify the Mutsun people, and so this is very significant, to have the California Coastal National Monument."
Critics of these designations say they tie up land that could be used for development and minimize tax revenue for local governments. However, economic reports have said California's public lands generate more than $8 billion a year in outdoor-recreation spending and support 732,000 jobs in the state.
The newly protected areas include the Orange County Rocks, the Cotoni-Coast Dairies in Santa Cruz County, and Trinidad Head.
Julie Fulkerson, retired mayor of Trinidad in Humboldt County, said these designations are not only about preservation and public access to beautiful spots. In her view, they're places of restoration that help people connect to a deeper part of themselves.
"It's a place where I can go and imagine what it was like 300,000 years ago," she said. "I see it as a source of creativity, not just environmental protection, but it's something that is difficult to describe and it has to do with possibilities, imagination, what goes on inside of our heads, reflection - all of those things."
The new designations include some 6,200 acres on the California coast and another 47,000 at the border with Oregon, 5,000 of which are in California. The National Park Service has said California has had more than 38 million visitors to its parks.
More information about California's national parks and public spaces is online at nps.gov.
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Support for this reporting is provided by The Pew Charitable Trusts.
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The remote landscape of southeastern Oregon is receiving additional protections.
The Bureau of Land Management has finalized its resource management plan for the southeast corner of the state and it includes protections for parts of the Owyhee and Malheur Rivers and canyon lands in the region.
Michael O'Casey, deputy director of forest policy and Northwest programs for the Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, said it's an exciting announcement, which will protect sensitive landscape from activities like surface development and road building.
"When that landscape is impacted, it's really hard to bring it back and restore it," O'Casey pointed out. "And so, it's really important to protect the places out there that are healthy and intact and resistant. And resilience is a term that we use, to stresses from climate change or whatever else."
O'Casey noted the plan still allows for traditional uses of the land like hunting and fishing. The BLM's final resource management plan for the district covers four-point-six million acres of public land.
O'Casey stressed the agency deliberated for years on this decision.
"This planning process was initiated in 2010 and so it's been 14 years in the making," O'Casey emphasized. "The good news is that, even though it's been a really long time, was that there was a really robust public comment process throughout this."
O'Casey added appointing the Southeast Oregon Resource Advisory Council in 2014 was an important part of public involvement. The council was made up of a wide variety of area people including grazing, energy and conservation interests, who made recommendations for management in the region.
Support for this reporting was provided by The Pew Charitable Trusts.
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Tribes in far northeastern California are pressing President Joe Biden to create a new national monument about 30 miles from Mount Shasta.
The Pit River Tribe is asking the president to use his powers under the Antiquities Act to create the new Sáttítla National Monument on just over 205,000 acres in the Medicine Lake Highlands.
Radley Davis, an advocate for the Sáttítla National Monument and a citizen of the Illmawi Band of the Pit River Tribe, said the area is a very important watershed.
"The headwaters of Northern California goes all the way down into the San Francisco Bay Area, gets collected and goes to the aqueduct," Davis pointed out. "That gets further transmitted down in Southern California for agriculture, so we feel protecting this area is very, very key."
Hydrologists said the volcanically formed aquifers below the surface capture snowmelt and store as much water as California's 200 largest surface reservoirs. The Pit River Tribe and the Modoc Nation continuously use the Sáttítla area for ceremonies and gathering medicines. It is also sacred to the Shasta, Karuk and Wintu tribes.
Davis acknowledged there has been some confusion with some local residents mistakenly thinking the area would become a national park with entry fees, rather than a national monument.
"It would not take away any of the rights that people would have to go up and enjoy the land," Davis emphasized. "The cabin owners would still be able to enjoy the winter and the spring and the summer up there. People would still be able to enjoy horseback riding."
The Pit River Tribe has been in litigation with the Bureau of Land Management and CalPine Energy Corporation for 25 years, trying to block consideration of any geothermal projects.
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A new poll showed New Mexico voters expressed a deep affection for lands, water and wildlife and want policies offering greater protections.
The 14th annual Colorado College "State of the Rockies" survey of 3,400 voters in eight Western states found increasing support for conservation even as political affiliation fades.
Dave Metz, principal and president of the polling firm Fairbank, Maslin, Maullin, Metz and Associates, said they are in favor of requiring oil and gas companies to pay for clean up and restoration on lands where they have drilled and favor limiting where the companies are allowed to drill.
"This year we saw the widest margin in favor of conservation that we have seen in this poll," Metz reported. "For the first time seven in 10 voters told us they would prioritize protecting sources of clean water, air quality and wildlife habitat over producing more domestic energy."
Majorities of New Mexico voters cited loss of habitats and declining fish and wildlife populations, uncontrollable wildfires, and inadequate and polluted water supplies including microplastics as extremely or very serious problems. By a four-to-one margin, they also said they want more emphasis on conserving wildlife migration routes rather than new development, ranching and oil and gas production.
Among respondents, 91% said they regularly participate in outdoor activities on national public lands.
Lori Weigel, principal of the research firm New Bridge Strategy, said many poll respondents expressed concern about children's mental health problems continuing to worsen if they are unable to access public lands where they can spend time outdoors.
"We asked them to tell us, 'Did they think that spending more time in the outdoors and nature; how much would that help?'" Weigel explained. "Virtually everyone said they thought it would help at least somewhat, and we outright had two-thirds telling us, 'Yeah, that would help a lot.'"
Among New Mexico voters, 69% said they think the effects of climate change on the Land of Enchantment over the past 10 years have been significant. Younger, "Gen Z" voters, born between 1996 and 2010 expressed far more concern about the issue than the older "Baby Boom" generation.
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