SACRAMENTO, Calif. – Un estudio reciente de la AARP muestra que en California los cuidadores familiares sin pago soportan una enorme carga -y a pesar de que el estado ha dado pasos positivos, los cuidadores necesitan más apoyo.

En California los cuidadores familiares sin pago aportan al año cuatro billones de horas de su tiempo en trabajo voluntario, lo cual representa un valor de 63 billones de dólares anuales, de acuerdo a un reporte reciente de la AARP. En el Estado Dorado (Golden State), con casi 40 millones de habitantes, hay cuatro punto siete millones de cuidadores que ayudan en sus actividades diarias a sus familiares o amistades con limitaciones.

Blanca Castro, directora de defensoría en la AARP California, dice que su organización opina que los legisladores deberían exigir a los patrones que permitan a su personal tener horarios más flexibles y tiempo libre pagado, cuando estén a cargo de un adulto mayor.

"Quienes hacen las políticas necesitan dar a la gente más tiempo laboral diario y no usar los días de vacaciones o enfermedad para cuidar a sus seres queridos.”

California ha sido líder en apoyar a los cuidadores. El año pasado los legisladores del estado aumentaron el pago a los trabajadores mientras están ausentes por motivos familiares. Y una ley de 2015 obliga a los hospitales a entrenar a cuidadores en tareas como limpiar heridas, dar medicamentos o mover a una persona de la silla de ruedas a la cama, para que los pacientes dados de alta no terminen regresando al hospital.

Castro dice que un buen paso siguiente sería permitir que practicantes de enfermería con licencia trabajen sin estar bajo contrato con un médico. Eso ayudaría en la escasez de profesionales médicos en algunas áreas, y permitiría más visitas de atención en casa.

“Somos el único estado de la región oeste que sigue exigiendo que los practicantes de enfermería estén en contacto con un médico para practicar, y eso limita mucho el acceso a los cuidados de la salud.”

El informe de la AARP es parte de una serie conocida como “Valorar lo invaluable”.

El estudio encontró que en 2017 aproximadamente 41 millones de cuidadores familiares de los Estados Unidos brindaron cuidados por un total de 34 billones horas. El valor económico estimado de sus contribuciones sin pago, cada año, es de 470 billones de dólares.

Drawing attention to a housing option that could make it easier for older Nebraskans to "age in place" is one of the goals of an AARP Community Challenge grant-funded contest.

Omaha by Design was awarded a nearly $24,000 AARP "Demonstration Grant" for its "Duplex by Design" contest. The contest is for duplex designs which "promote health and greater autonomy" with their accessibility and affordability.

Abe Lueders, director of urban design and affordable design fellow at Omaha by Design, explained duplexes are one type of badly needed "missing middle housing."

"When we say 'missing middle,' we're talking about basically small multifamily buildings," Lueders noted. "That includes duplexes but also up to quadplexes, townhomes; things that are bigger than a house but smaller than an apartment."

AARP maintains one reason small, affordable housing is missing in many communities is too little of it has been built since the 1940s. This causes some seniors to remain in larger homes than they need.

Empty-nest Baby Boomers in the United States currently own twice the number of large single-family homes as Millennials raising children.

Todd Stubbendieck, state director for AARP Nebraska, said not only is there a need for more "accessible" senior housing but also for more housing options that allow seniors to live independently for as long as they can.

"Duplexes provide that opportunity for a little smaller space, downsized, maybe less stairs and just more of an age-friendly design option for folks," Stubbendieck outlined. "This project is going to highlight and raise awareness of duplexes and create some buildable designs that folks in Omaha can work with."

Lueders stressed in addition to being more affordable and accessible, "missing middle housing" creates more housing on a single lot. He pointed out duplexes are "the next rung up" on the housing ladder, since they are built on the same scale, use the same construction methods and are subject to the same residential building codes as single-family homes.

"It seemed like a really fruitful housing type to explore because of how low the bar for entry is," Lueders emphasized. "Because part of the goal is that you want to create a design that smaller developers can build. Maybe people that are newer to development that have a small piece of land and want to create some housing."

Contest designs must all fit a specific lot, which Lueders added ensures every designer is working with the same real-world constraints.

Registration for "Duplex by Design" closes Sept. 16, after which designs will be accepted until Oct. 18. The first, second and third place winners will receive cash awards of $2,500, $1,500 and $1,000.

A new report found Connecticut residents will benefit from Medicare's new out-of-pocket cap.

An estimated 49,000 people in the state would see prescription costs reduced because out-of-pocket costs will be limited to $2,000 per person each year. The report estimated the number of residents using the cap will hit more than 62,000 by 2029.

John Erlingheuser, senior director of advocacy and outreach for AARP Connecticut, said unaffordable prescriptions are forcing people to take matters into their own hands.

"We continually hear from folks that cut back on the number of pills they're supposed to take," Erlingheuser reported. "Maybe they're taking them every other day as opposed to every day, or they're cutting pills in half and taking a partial dose every day as opposed to taking the dose that they're required to take."

This cap stems from the health care reforms in the Inflation Reduction Act. Other reports showed more than 11,000 Connecticut Medicare enrollees using insulin can save about $590 per year. The out-of-pocket cap goes into effect on Jan. 1.

However, state lawmakers are reviewing other options to reduce prescription prices such as establishing a prescription drug affordability board, an independent body tasked with evaluating drug prices to determine if a price increase is valid.

Erlingheuser explained it can help keep prescription drug costs from getting too high.

"What it'll do is really allow the state of Connecticut to monitor the cost of prescription drugs, compare it with other states, and really put a downward pressure on those manufacturers to bring down those costs," Erlingheuser outlined.

Connecticut's most recent bill to establish a prescription drug affordability board failed to pass due to last-minute hurdles during the shortened legislative session. Public hearing testimony was mixed with many praising the idea of saving people money. However, some opposed Connecticut's bill creating a board because its members would not be representative of people who need lower drug costs.

A new online resource guide is available to help Mainers prepare for the upcoming presidential election.

It includes key dates for voter registration, information on absentee ballots, and recent changes in Maine election law.

Jane Margesson, communications director with AARP Maine, said the guide is strictly nonpartisan and useful to both first-time and lifelong voters.

"No matter what your question might be, or how you intend to vote," said Margesson, "all of the resources are right here for you and of course it's all absolutely free."

Margesson said Maine voters age fifty-plus made up nearly 60% of the electorate in the 2020 presidential election, and she said she expects high turnout among that age group again.

The election guide is available on the AARP Maine website.

Polls show strengthening the economy and making sure Social Security is fiscally sound are top issues for older voters this election.

The fund's reserves could become insolvent in 2035, and preventing any shortfalls will require Congressional action.

Margesson said caregiving is another top-of-mind concern. She said roughly 160,000 Mainers provide unpaid care for a parent, spouse or loved one - often while juggling a full or part-time job.

"We really are looking to candidates once again to come together in a bipartisan voice," said Margesson, "to take a look at the caregiver situation and find ways to help caregivers through better support."

Margesson said while Social Security and the challenges of caregiving may be top issues for older voters, they impact everyone and the state's economy.

She said every voice matters in this election and that Mainers should know help is widely available to ensure they can take part.