MINNEAPOLIS - Friday marks the 100th birthday of former Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey, whose nickname as a young U.S. senator from Minnesota was "The Happy Warrior" for his positive attitude and hard work.

Humphrey is known for his key role in establishing the Peace Corps, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and the Minnesota DFL party, as well as for his enduring advocacy of social issues including civil rights, arms control and humanitarian foreign aid.

His son, Hubert H. "Skip" Humphrey III, a former Minnesota attorney general, says his father's passions for life and politics were one and the same: he didn't believe in a government separate from the people.

"From my father's perspective, he always said the most important public office in this country is being a citizen, being involved as a citizen, because it's the people that show up that make the difference."

His father's strongly held belief, was that the moral test of government is its ability to care for the most vulnerable in the community - including children, the elderly, poor and disenfranchised, Skip Humphrey says, adding that he also had a great understanding of the human condition.

"But he didn't look at it in a negative way. He looked at it as an opportunity to make things better for all of us. I firmly believe this country can do anything it wants to do, it can be anything it wants to be, it can regenerate itself time and time again. But it has to have the discipline to say, 'We will do this, not only for ourselves but for our future generations - and we are willing to sacrifice to do that.'"

No matter where the younger Humphrey travels in the country, he says, people share their very personal stories about how his father profoundly affected their lives.

"My father's action meant something personal to an individual who'd never met him - and that's a very moving experience. To be able to succeed that way, without having to worry about ideology or anything else, I think, is a very good thing to remember, and a very good thing to set as an ideal of how we should move our nation forward."

His father often challenged other lawmakers to have the courage to do the right thing, he says, rather than worrying about whether their constituents would go for it. Skip Humphrey says the lesson still rings true today.

"The challenge of being in elective public office is to help your constituents understand what the concern is, so that they can then join you in support of the changes that need to take place. They need to see how the change would benefit themselves, and how it will benefit the community as a whole. If you're able to do that, then you're going to be a leader."

Humphrey died in 1978 at his home in Waverly. Skip Humphrey notes that his father would be disappointed in the political rhetoric and fundraising pressures of today, adding that, in his father's spirit, he's hopeful about Americans' ability to "do right."

The Minneapolis City Hall will host a series of discussions Friday about the politics and policies Humphrey influenced, locally and nationally. For more information, or to register, visit humphreycentennial.org.


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Today, groups working with lower-income families in Connecticut are raising awareness about the state's "benefits cliff" with a day of action.

The benefits cliff is when a person might get a raise, have a kid with a part-time job, or some other income increase which then makes them ineligible for certain benefits. The changes can have severe impacts on communities and disproportionately affect families with children.

Stephen Monroe Tomczak, professor of social work at Southern Connecticut State University, said it is part of a larger workforce problem.

"People, particularly people of low income, are in a sense disincentivized to participate in the labor force and denied adequate jobs and income when they try to do that," Tomczak explained.

Several General Assembly budget bills could have dealt with the issue but most failed, which inspired today's action, a mock funeral procession to the governor's office to eulogize the bills, including the refundable Child Tax Credit, a housing voucher funding boost bill, and a bill eliminating the asset limit on the HUSKY C medical insurance program.

Social service advocates know the bills will resurface in next year's budget process.

Rose Ferraro, program lead of health justice policy advocacy for the Universal Health Care Foundation of Connecticut, said people are taking alternate steps like going to food banks or avoiding medical care to cover lost benefits.

"Folks will lose their rental assistance and then, they will sort of have to make some tough decisions," Ferraro noted. "'Do I put food on my table or do I make sure to pay rent?' And, so it becomes a sort of untenable position."

Ferraro added interwoven state and federal funding makes it hard to reach the core of the issues leading to benefits cliffs. One eulogized bill would have established a benefits cliff pilot program. For two years, it would have provided subsistence for people who've reached the benefits cliff.

New York towns are reaping many benefits since the Inflation Reduction Act was passed.

Along with funds for larger clean energy projects, the state was awarded $158 million for the IRA's Home Energy Rebates program.

Smaller towns and villages use these grants to implement their climate action plans.

Brighton Town Councilmember Robin Wilt said an IRA grant they applied for will help upgrade the town's HVAC system.

"We will be implementing geothermal and then use a solar array to make the system close to net zero, not quite," said Wilt. "I think we'll get 55% of our energy back with the solar panels."

The bureaucratic process to access the funding was challenging, but some groups are working with the Department of Energy to improve it.

Wilt said feedback on the clean energy projects has been positive. Future projects using IRA funding include increasing walkability and sustainable redevelopment.

Critics have said the IRA includes multiple provisions to increase fossil fuel production.

Towns nationwide are using IRA grants to bolster clean energy projects.

Joel Hicks is a council member for the Borough of Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

They've just applied for a grant to work on energy efficiency and solar projects with Harrisburg. He said this will have positive impacts beyond establishing clean energy.

"We were really excited at this potential," said Hicks, "because we saw that the cost savings we would have for putting in substantial solar projects on our public property would actually fund many of our other public municipal goals."

These include purchasing an electric vehicle fleet and having more efficient solid waste programs.

One thing Hicks said he wants to see in future is state and local governments helping small towns and municipalities with putting together their IRA grant proposals.

A new report analyzes Pennsylvania's existing voucher programs, that divert public funds to private schools.

This comes on the heels of Gov. Josh Shapiro's plan to create a new voucher program for K-12 students.

Diana Polson - senior policy analyst with the Keystone Research Center - said last year's Commonwealth Court decision ruled that Pennsylvania's system of funding public education is unconstitutional, therefore the state doesn't have a dollar to waste on expanding existing private-school voucher programs or creating a new one.

"The basic-education funding commission estimated the state must pay $5.1 billion over the next seven years to make sure our public schools are funded equitably and adequately," said Polson. "Meanwhile, our report finds that existing private-school voucher programs are siphoning millions from taxpayers with little to show for it."

Supporters argue that vouchers let children leave under-performing public schools and get a better education at private schools.

Polson said Pennsylvania's voucher programs have no "meaningful educational or financial accountability," so they really have no way of knowing if these programs operate as intended or are beneficial to low-income or moderate-income students.

Polson said the report reveals that the programs have grown, and just this year they will cost the state nearly $500 million.

However, these voucher programs exclude students in rural areas, because there are few if any participating private schools in these regions.

Local public schools remain the primary option for most rural families.

"We also found that private schools receiving these funds are allowed to - and do - routinely discriminate against students for reasons including disabilities, sexual orientation, religious beliefs and more," said Polson. "These programs are also exclusive. They subsidize the state's most elite and expensive private schools as well as affluent families."

Polson said the report reveals that the Independent Fiscal Office estimated that the average EITC program scholarship was $2,314, while the Opportunity Scholarship Tax Credit was slightly less at around $2,000.

The cost of attending one of the top 25 private schools in Pennsylvania is around $41,000 per year. This means these schools are still out of reach for many low- and moderate-income families.