SAN JUAN, Texas – Residents across Texas and the nation will be watching closely tonight as President Barack Obama unveils his plans to reform immigration on his own, a move that could prevent the deportation of millions.
At La Union del Pueblo Entero in San Juan, the advocacy group’s communications coordinator, John-Michael Torres, says it's hoped that the president's executive actions will include allowing the undocumented parents of American citizens to stay in the U.S. with their families.
"I think that in general, immigrants are seen as kind of like these shadowy figures that are sneaking into the border, but in reality most have deep ties to the United States,” he states. “And we want people to be able to get a work permit and a temporary reprieve from deportation."
After tonight's announcement from the White House, Obama will travel to Las Vegas on Friday to visit the high school where he first laid out his principals for comprehensive immigration reform two years ago.
Torres says he's also hopeful that the president will extend protections for low-wage workers and farm workers.
"People who do the necessary work that a lot of people that are natives to this country don't want to do, that won't do, but they're doing it,” he says. “They're working hard. They're putting food on our tables and they should receive some sort of protections."
The coming executive actions have been heavily criticized by leading Republicans, who say potential congressional action will be sidetracked by this unilateral action.
But Torres says the struggles over immigration reform have been going on for years and it's time.
"We've been trying to work on getting something passed, but it's been obstacle after obstacle and every day that passes, more and more of our families are separated because of deportation and really that suffering needs to stop," he says.
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Advocates for immigrants are pushing back on a bill signed by Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds in the last few days of the legislative session, modeled on a recent, controversial Texas law.
Senate File 2340 gives local law enforcement officers and judges the authority to deport undocumented immigrants.
Erica Johnson, executive director of the Iowa Migrant Movement for Justice, argued the bill is an overreach, and said Iowa law enforcement officers are not authorized to enforce it.
"This is a pretty clear intervention into federal territory," Johnson pointed out. "U.S. immigration law is governed by federal law."
Much like the author of the Texas bill, supporters in Iowa blame the Biden administration for failing to slow illegal immigration, so the state has decided to take matters into its own hands.
Johnson contended the bill and other anti-immigrant sentiment during the just-completed legislative session target the very people Iowa, with its dwindling population, will depend on for its future workforce.
"What we need is communities that are safe, where workers have access to dignified, safe workplaces," Johnson emphasized. "The truth of what Iowa's future could be depends on immigrants and immigrant workers in our state, and unfortunately, this law could take us back, away from that possible future. "
Johnson added her organization will pursue legal ways to block the bill from taking effect in July.
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The future of Senate Bill 4 is still tangled in court challenges. It's the Texas law that would allow police to arrest people for illegally crossing the border. But groups are speaking out about the impact of "Operation Lone Star" on the youngest migrants. Governor Greg Abbott continues to bus migrant families to other states, many with young children - more than 100,000 families so far.
Robert Sanborn, CEO of Children at Risk, works to improve the quality of life for boys and girls in Texas, and contends the policy has put trauma on top of trauma.
"We never want children to be political pawns. We don't want maximum chaos on the backs of children. We want children to grow up and be assets for our community," he contended.
Sanborn points out that 2.2 million children in Texas are immigrants, and said it would be less stressful for kids if families were not bused in the middle of the night, and if they were allowed to pick their destination.
When immigrants arrive at the border, they are evaluated to determine if they're eligible for asylum.
Beatriz Zavala, clinical coordinator at El Paso-based Humanitarian Outreach for Migrant Emotional Health, or "HOME," said the children in this situation are at higher risk for mental health disorders.
"What is particularly troubling is the profound disregard for the stability and protection these families need. The impact on their mental health is undeniable. These are not just statistics. These are children, real children," she said.
As part of Operation Lone Star, families have been bused to Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, New York City, Philadelphia and Washington D.C. The governor has said the practice is needed to keep the Texas-Mexico border safe.
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Legislation in Albany would create the first right to counsel for people in immigration court.
The Access to Representation Act would provide immigrants the right to an attorney in their New York immigration cases, ending the tendency to represent themselves if they cannot afford one.
Estimates show a backlog of more than 330,000 immigration court cases, and fewer than half have attorneys. Studies show without legal counsel, migrants are less likely to remain in the U.S.
Marlene Galaz, director of immigrant rights policy for the New York Immigration Coalition, described what the bill would do.
"It has a six-year ramp-up to start implementing and building infrastructure," Galaz outlined. "Having a pipeline between law schools for law students to go into immigration practice, and getting to nonprofits and so on."
Galaz noted most opposition centers around the $150 million to fund the program but pointed out the total expenditure is less than 1% of the state's $229 billion budget. She added anti-immigrant rhetoric has also damaged support for the bill. Currently, it is in the state Senate Finance Committee.
The New York City Comptroller's office said enacting the bill would benefit the state financially. It could keep about 53,000 people from being deported, which would result in almost $8.5 billion in local, state and federal taxes over the next 30 years.
Galaz emphasized the influx of migrants has saturated the court system, leading to what could have been an avoidable backlog.
"I firmly believe that if these investments had been made when we first asked for them, I believe, like, three years ago, then we wouldn't be struggling," Galaz contended. "We would have had the infrastructure built to address an increase in welcoming our newest neighbors."
A Vera Institute survey showed 93% of New Yorkers across party lines and regions support access to attorneys for all people, including those in immigration court, and government-funded attorneys for them.
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