HARRISBURG, Pa. – Not only would raising the state's low-end pay not cost jobs, a new analysis finds a $10.10 Pennsylvania minimum wage actually would add thousands of jobs.

Mark Price, an economist at the Keystone Research Center who did much of the research, says for years people assumed raising the wage floor would mean more unemployment.

But he stresses repeated studies have found that's not the case. In fact, he says a $10.10 minimum would boost spending enough to create 6,000 jobs in the state.

"My spending is someone else's income,” he points out. “You are raising wages for a group of workers who tend to spend every dime, and they spend it in the local economy. That in turn generates income for somebody else."

Price says the new state minimum would benefit 1.2 million Pennsylvanians and put $1.8 billion more spending into the economy.

Critics of the minimum wage say it pushes some workers out of the job market.

Price says if the level were set too high, that might be the case. But he says what economists have found is that rather than causing massive layoffs, moderate increases in the minimum wage – enough to keep up with inflation – more often motivate employers to find ways to make the employees they have more productive. And that is good for the economy as a whole.

"We don't dig trenches anymore with hundreds of thousands of people with shovels,” Price points out. “We dig them with large capital equipment and a highly skilled worker. You get that kind of innovation as you allow the wage floor to rise over time."

Price adds one of the first studies that found no job losses looked at fast food restaurants around the Pennsylvania/New Jersey border after New Jersey raised its minimum wage. He says other studies have confirmed that finding since.

He says this new analysis found a larger proportion of employees in rural parts of the state would get a raise. In fact, Price says a $10.10 per hour minimum would boost the wages of more than a quarter of rural workers.

"There's a disproportionate share of workers in rural communities that would benefit from an increase,” he maintains. “Twenty-seven percent of the workers in rural communities would get an increase in their earnings."







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The U.S. Postal Service is hiring 28,000 seasonal employees for the holidays.

Union leaders in Iowa say they're mindful of the need for strong protections amid a push in the labor force for improved working conditions. The Postal Service holiday plan coincides with a more aggressive staffing approach that began several months ago.

Callista Bates, an American Postal Workers Union steward at the Postal Service distribution center in Des Moines, said the Postal Service usually does well with increasing staff this time of year. But she noted pressure from management for a faster pace can sometimes get in the way, especially for a job that's already demanding.

"It's very physical. So, shoulder injuries are very prominent," Bates observed. "There's a lot of them."

As more staff is added, Bates emphasized they are ready to convey their concerns to management. Postal Service leaders are carrying out a 10-year improvement plan on the heels of a financial bailout from Congress.

The agency touted better performance last season, with more equipment and personnel changes, but Bates acknowledged workers are still jittery about privatization talk which festered earlier. The union has also expressed broader concerns about diminished service standards under the new plan.

Peter Rachleff, labor historian and co-executive director of the East Side Freedom Library in St. Paul, Minnesota, said as the country sees a resurgence in union participation, it is clear a younger generation of workers at the Postal Service and elsewhere will keep demanding a better job environment.

"They've looked at what the previous generation experienced, which was ever-diminishing returns for ever-harder work," Rachleff contended. "They're realizing that they need to take action if their lives are going to be better than the lives that their parents had experienced."

Rachleff noted the U.S. has some strong workplace protection laws on the books, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, but he added the agencies responsible for enforcing the laws are underfunded and understaffed.

Ballots for the November election are headed to mailboxes across the state, and Nebraska voters will get to decide if the state's minimum wage should gradually rise - about $1.50 per year, until it reaches $15 an hour by 2026.

Kate Wolfe - campaign manager with Raise the Wage Nebraska, the group behind Initiative Measure 433 - said when working families are earning a sustainable wage, they have more money to spend.

"More money in people's pockets is more money that is spent in main-street businesses," said Wolfe, "and that helps drive our local economies. It's a win-win-win for everyone."

President Franklin D. Roosevelt once said that no business that depends on paying less than a living wage has any right to be in business.

But opponents of raising the wage floor have long since worked to shift the debate. They argue small businesses operating on thin profit margins would pass costs along to consumers.

Others claim that minimum-wage workers are teenagers who are getting valuable work experience and don't have to pay rent.

If voters approve 433, once the wage reaches $15 an hour it will be adjusted every year to account for any increases in the cost of living.

Wolf disputed the claims about teenagers, pointing to data showing that more than 75% of minimum-wage workers are actually age 20 or older.

"These are people who are working as home health-care aides, school workers," said Wolfe. "They're taking care of our loved ones and our children every day, and they deserve a raise and to be able to take care of their families."

Wolf pointed out that 433 has the support of hundreds of Nebraska businesses. She added that opponents sounded the same alarms when Nebraska voters were asked to raise the minimum wage to $9 an hour in 2014, and those concerns never came to fruition.

"We're gradually increasing this, to be able to make it easier for businesses to make those adjustments," said Wolfe. "And the data from other states increasing the minimum wage shows that this is a positive impact."

Some 140 workers at an Amazon distribution center in Papillion have still not been paid for two weeks of work done in August.

Dan Riskowski, organizer for the North Central States Regional Council of Carpenters, said workers are owed approximately half a million dollars in wages and benefits. He recounted after one week's paychecks were held up, a superintendent assured workers they would be paid the following week and urged them to keep working.

"So they did, and they worked another week," Riskowski explained. "The superintendent came up to them with no explanation, no reason behind it, and said 'IMI is out of money. Sorry, but last week and this week we cannot pay you,' and walked off."

IMI Material Handling Logistics was contracted by Honeywell Intelligrated for work at the Amazon distribution center originally set to open this year. Soon after IMI left, another subcontractor, RPM Installation LLC, continued the project of installing conveyors, using different workers.

Riskowski noted Amazon and its subcontractors have been silent after the union requested workers be paid. Neither Amazon nor its subcontractors have responded to a request for comment.

Many workers traveled to Nebraska for jobs promised to last up to eight months. Riskowski pointed to one couple who left their kids with grandparents on a promise to return to visit once a week. But because they have not been paid, they became stranded after running into some car problems.

"So they're working on getting their car fixed, well in this time of getting their car fixed is when they lost their job," Riskowski emphasized. "They can't pay for the repairs, they can't get their car, they can't get home to see their kids. It's just a nightmare."

Meanwhile, completion of the distribution center project has been delayed. City officials say Amazon cited "supply chain issues," but other reports suggest the giant retailer is scaling back.

The union has filed 32 liens with the Sarpy County Register of Deeds, which should hold up any future sale of the property until workers are made whole. But Riskowski added he is hopeful Amazon will do what's right, as the project's general contractor with deep pockets, and pay workers what they are owed.

"Amazon really just simply can't turn a blind eye to this situation," Riskowski asserted. "And to allow a new subcontractor basically to come in and pick up where IMI left off, that is unacceptable. They need answers and they need their payment."