DES MOINES, Iowa – Winter may be the next season on the horizon in Iowa, but now is the time for action for those already looking ahead to having a healthier and greener lawn next spring and summer.
Rhonda O'Connor, project/strategy manager with the Metro Waste Authority, says fall is a great time to add compost to one's gardens, flowerbeds and topsoil.
"It improves the soil's ability to absorb water,” she explains. “It's basically feeding it nutrients and it kind of creates this great habitat for grass and plants to thrive."
O'Conner says compost also helps retain water, making lawns more resilient to dry spells, and helps keep nutrients around the root zone, helping to control weeds.
O'Connor notes that using compost to naturally improve your lawn is a better option in many ways over turning to the use of chemical fertilizers.
"The thing about fertilizer is that it requires multiple applications in one season and it's really just a temporary solution,” she points out. “It's not adding nutrients to that soil like compost is.
“And also fertilizer does pollute storm water. Every time it rains, all the fertilizer that you put on your lawn runs off and into the storm drain."
While there are some in Iowa who do their own backyard composting, O'Connor says for those who don't, there are many places to find compost, including local landfills and area stores.
More details on locations with compost are available online at the websites of Metro Waste Authority and the U.S. Composting Council.
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A cleaner environment through less waste is the goal of a new state organization, the Indiana Composting Council.
The council will enlist individuals, schools, businesses and farmers to help bring more organic waste diversion and sustainable soil building to Indiana.
Gowri Somasundaram, president of the council, explained compost starts with decomposed organic matter from food waste and grass clippings to shredded paper. When combined with air and water, the items break down into nutrient-rich soil, while minimizing plant diseases.
She pointed out it benefits the climate, too.
"Organic waste is the majority of the waste that emits greenhouse gas," Somasundaram explained. "Which in turn is tied up with the climate and climate change, and other emissions that comes out of the landfill."
An uptick in composting means more storage facilities will be needed. Recycling station owners must register with the Indiana Department of Environmental Management and obey regulations about design, location, operation, dust, odor, noise and pathogen control. And the buildings are required to submit yearly updates on the quantity and type of materials processed. Indiana has 15 recycling centers.
The Indiana University Environmental Institute lists coffee grounds, fruits, vegetables and eggshells as ideal for lowering household trash output and minimizing clogged kitchen drains by composting instead. And people can avoid buying expensive chemical lawn fertilizers by using the healthier soil composting produces.
Somasundaram noted there are plenty of ways to get more involved, even for those who are unsure they can make a difference.
"If there is a good support from the community by giving their attendance and asking us the right questions, that is going to help to do the composting in the right way," Somasundaram asserted.
She pointed out the council is looking forward to affecting the state by reimagining waste not as an end but as a beginning. She added they will help promote sustainability and the circular economy of the organics industry through education and programming.
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California receives high marks in a report on the fight against plastic pollution. This is Plastic-free July and the United States of Plastics report, from Ocean Conservancy, awards the Golden State a score of four-and-a-half out of five.
Report co-author Anja Brandon, director of plastics policy with Ocean Conservancy, largely credits Senate Bill 54, California's landmark law passed in 2022.
"It holds plastic and other packaging producers financially responsible for managing their wasteful products. And it requires that producers make 25% less single-use plastics by 2032," she said.
The state also banned most plastic grocery bags a few years ago. Starting next year, the thicker plastic bags now sold at checkout stands will also go away. Shoppers will have to go back to using paper bags or bring reusable cloth bags.
Brandon noted California still has more work to do, adding the state has been slow to implement SB 54's ban on expanded polystyrene foam, which was supposed to take effect last January.
"The state agencies finally issued guidance and an enforcement portal, literally this week. So it's seven months late, but they are finally getting around to enforcing that critical component of the law," she continued.
The report also found California is the only state with a law directly addressing pollution from pellets used to manufacture plastics.
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California companies making compostable packaging materials said their products could make a huge dent in the problem of plastic pollution but only with changes to state and federal policy.
California passed Senate Bill 54 in 2022. It requires single-use packaging and plastic foodware to be either recyclable or compostable by 2032. The issue is with a companion bill, Assembly Bill 1201, which said compostable materials must be certified organic.
John Felts, cofounder and CEO of Santa Cruz-based Cruz Foam, which makes compostable packaging foam from food waste, said the requirement is a tall order.
"The idea that all compostable packaging would have to comply, would effectively remove compostable packaging from being viable," Felts explained. "The cost, the tracking, making a fully certified organic packaging material is nearly impossible."
The organic requirement is set to go into effect Jan. 1, but negotiations are underway in Sacramento to delay implementation, a move also supported by the plastics industry. Environmental advocates said plastic waste is choking the planet, disrupting marine ecosystems, and endangering human health, so recycling, reusable containers and compostable packaging are key.
It is estimated 40% of plastic produced today is used to make packaging, much of which is used once.
Julia Marsh, cofounder and CEO of San Leandro-based Sway, which uses seaweed to make flexible packaging, said plastic use is only increasing.
"About 5 trillion bags, wrappers and pouches are produced every year; 11 million metric tons of plastic enter the ocean every year," Marsh pointed out. "That number is expected to triple by 2040, if production rates continue as is."
Advocates would also like the National Organic Program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture to broaden the term "organic" to include certified compostable materials.
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