CLEVELAND – Along with the delegates, party supporters and pundits, thousands of protesters also are expected in downtown Cleveland during the Republican National Convention. And given the recent tensions involving police and community relations around the country, experts say it's important that demonstrators know their rights.

Michael Benza, senior instructor of law at Case Western Reserve University, explained all people have a First Amendment right to protest and march.

"Where the problems come in is when their exercise of their rights to protest start to either interfere with other people's ability to go about their daily lives, or start to impede law enforcement's ability to control the situation and keep everybody safe," Benza said.

A 1.7-mile event zone is set up downtown with security restrictions. It includes a designated speaker's area, a parade route for those with a permit, and two parks for protests and displays.

About 2,500 police officers from other states will be joining Cleveland police in patrolling the city during the RNC.

According to Benza, a protester is only obligated to answer a question from a police officer if suspected of a crime, and only needs to show photo identification if driving a vehicle.

He added a search can only be performed if a person gives consent, or there is a search warrant or probable cause. And Benza notes citizens have a right to record police interactions.

"They cannot tell you, 'Turn off your recording,'" Benza stated. "They can't ask you, 'Why are you recording?' They can't ask who you are to do the recording. They are simply to allow you to do that recording."

Jacquelyn Green with the Ohio chapter of the National Lawyers Guild said her group has worked with other organizations to establish legal and jail support for the RNC demonstrations. It includes a hotline where protesters can call for help: 216-5050-NLG.

"So, we would hopefully be able to get someone into jail to visit if there are any concerns about injuries or safety, or other things that needed to be relayed; try to get someone to visit them," Green said. "And then also, in an ongoing capacity, we try to provide pro bono representation to folks who have been arrested in protest situations."

Cleveland officials have developed plans to respond to the possibility of mass arrests, including designated jail facilities and extended court hours.




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It is National Voter Education Week, and one Nevada organization wants to ensure every Nevadan can vote in the upcoming elections.

A nonpartisan campaign aims to "bridge the gap between registering to vote and actually casting a ballot."

Noé Orosco, program manager for the group Silver State Voices, said each day of the week will focus on a specific call to action which his organization and other community partners are aiming to what he calls 'Nevada-fy.' He explained while some states require fees or the completion of parole to have voting rights restored, Nevada does not.

"Since 2020, we have been engaging our formerly incarcerated communities and letting them know that their rights have been restored," Orosco explained. "That is one of the ways that we are 'Nevada-fying,' this week of action to really being very intentional in the fact that Nevada was one of the first few states to restore the right to vote."

Orosco said Tuesday's focus is all about requesting your mail-in ballot. He called it another point making Nevada unique. In 2021, Nevada passed legislation to automatically send registered voters a mail-in ballot.

Orosco emphasized it is important for those using mail-in ballots in upcoming elections to remember to sign it. Regardless of how you vote, he encouraged everyone to make a plan before Election Day.

Orosco stressed it is also paramount to educate yourself on the candidates and the issues impacting Nevada. Silver State Voices has partnered with the Institute for a Progressive Nevada to create a nonpartisan voter guide called VoteSmartNV.org. Orosco said the guide lists each candidate for each major office and includes candidates' responses, in their own words, to a number of standardized questions touching on various topics and does so in multiple languages.

Orosco added Nevada is diverse, and it is something everyone should be paying attention to.

"Don't just ignore, not just the Latino community, but any other ethnic community because you're assuming that they are going to be voting a specific way for a specific candidate for a specific party," Orosco pointed out. "That is simply just not the case."

The last day of the week is dedicated to increasing civic engagement. Orosco said it can be achieved in many ways, from becoming a county poll worker to sending a register-to-vote link to family and friends.

The state of Arizona played a crucial role in 2020 and 2022 elections. Experts predict that won't be any different in 2024.

President of Voto Latino María Teresa Kumar said in 2010, Arizona classrooms were roughly 30% filled by Latino children - and those kids are now of voting age.

She said "through activating young people," Arizona flipped from being a red state to a blue state in 2020 - by merely 12,000 votes.

She added that approximately 70% of younger Latinos consider themselves to be more progressive than older Latinos.

"Our challenge is to convince them to get into the game of democracy, and to vote people in power that share their values - so that they can become the biggest game changers," said Kumar. "We are expecting 163,000 Latino youth to turn 18 in that state [Arizona] alone. The tsunami is just beginning."

Kumar said many Latino youth in Arizona started entering the political sphere in 2018, like in other states around the country, because of what she calls "show me your paper," laws.

While jobs and abortion are top of mind issues for Latino youth, she added that many became more politically and civically engaged to ensure the safety and security of their families - an issue Kumar argued hasn't been identified or addressed more broadly.

State Rep. Alma Hernandez - D-South Tucson - called Arizona a catalyst for change.

She argued that for many years, politicians have taken the Latino community for granted - and added that when Latinos do get elected to public office, not enough is being done to turn out the Latino vote.

"We need to do better as a community to really do what we can to lay that ground work early on," said Hernandez, "not doing this 3 weeks before the election, right? The investment is what is so important and that is how we really change the policies."

Hernandez added that there are many students and youth in Arizona that could do great political work, but simply can't afford to.

She encouraged more recruiting and support within the Latino community, but is pleased overall with the work that has been done in Arizona to turn the state more purple and less red.

But, she said, work remains.




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A federal judge has blocked a 2022 Arizona law that voting-rights advocates say would have made it harder for some Native Americans to vote.

House Bill 2492 required that all registered voters provide proof of a physical address to cast a ballot. But the Native American Rights Fund contends more than 40,000 homes located on reservations do not have a physical address.

Allison Neswood, staff attorney with the Native American Rights Fund, is pleased with the decision, which ensures that citizens living in tribal communities can vote.

"Wanting to make sure that a new law that's sort of targeting the specific structural issues that Native Americans face was really important, I think, for the tribes who participated in the case, and who brought the issue forward and wanted to make sure that these addressing issues didn't get lost," she contended.

Neswood explained the judge's ruling means the bill's addressing requirement must be liberally interpreted so that no one is required to have a standard street address in order to vote. This also means a voter's identity can be verified at the polling place using an Arizona-issued ID that lists a P.O. box or any tribal identification document.

Neswood argued cases like this show tribal members care a lot about being able to exercise their voting rights - and will defend those rights when threatened. She added Native Americans across the country face what she calls "overlapping barriers," which can make civic engagement more challenging in these communities.

"These systemic issues stacked on top of each other make it harder for Native Americans to access the ballot," she continued. "And then, of course, just because of the historical treatment of Native American people, we have higher rates of poverty, higher rates of homelessness, which just increases the challenges of navigating all of those barriers."

She added using addresses in voter registration and election processes already make it hard for Native Americans to participate in elections, even without the new law. Last year, then-Gov. Doug Ducey signed the law, citing efforts to instill election integrity and prohibit attempts to vote illegally.