PHOENIX – Uno de cada cuatro niñas y niños tiene algún tipo de problema de la vista, pero es común que estos problemas de visión pasen desapercibidos.

Y los optometristas opinan que cuando las escuelas vuelven a la actividad, es un momento importante para asegurarse de que los pequeños pueden ver con claridad.

Comentan las doctoras Amy L. Davis, optometrista; y Kelly Varney, profesora asistente en el Colegio de Optometría de Arizona, de la Universidad Midwestern.

Cerca del 80 por ciento de lo que aprende un pequeño en la escuela se relaciona con la vista. Así que la Dra. Amy Davis -optometrista pediátrica– dice que cuando los pequeños tienen problemas de la vista no detectados, pueden perder para siempre gran parte de su educación.

“Uno de cada cuatro niños en edad escolar tiene problemas de la vista. Así que es un asunto muy, muy importante asegurar que esos chicos vean bien cuando estén en la escuela.”

Los infantes que califican para Medicaid, o para el “Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System”, tienen cubiertos sus exámenes de la vista y lentes hasta los 21 años. Para los pequeños que no califican para Medicaid y no tienen seguro de visión, hay muchos programas comunitarios que ofrecen exámenes de la vista baratos o gratuitos, como el “Lion’s Club’s Kidsight”. Hay más información en el sitio eyesonlearning.org.

La Asociación Optométrica Americana (“American Optometric Association”) recomienda que a los pequeños se les revisen sus ojos a partir de los seis meses de edad, luego a los tres años. Para los que ya van a la escuela, los exámenes de la vista se recomiendan antes del primer año, luego cada dos años. La Dra. Kelly Varney, profesora asistente del Colegio de Optometría de Arizona, de la Universidad Midwestern (“Arizona College of Optometry at Midwestern University”), advierte que esos exámenes son importantes incluso si los pequeños no presentan un signo obvio de visión deficiente.

“Los niños pueden quejarse de cosas como dolores de cabeza cuando leen, o tener mucho sueño, y no tienes idea de que pueda ser por su visión. Muchos de los problemas con los que lucharán en la escuela no parecen relacionados a la vista, porque los pequeños no siempre te dirán “cuando miro algo lo veo borroso”.

La Dra. Varney opina que niñas y niños pueden tener una cantidad de problemas de visión aparte de sólo miopía o hipermetropía. Dice que los exámenes de la vista detectan también astigmatismo, registro visual anormal y salud ocular.


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The need for child care and early learning is critical, especially in rural Arkansas. One nonprofit is working to fill those gaps by giving providers a chance to get more education.

The Career Pathways Program with Save the Children partners with universities to grow the workforce of child care and preschool providers.

Joyce Taylor, Eastern Arkansas parent-family community engagement coordinator for Save the Children, had more than 20 years' experience with Head Start and said the program gave her the opportunity to pursue a bachelor's degree. It also provides her with resources she can use, in the classroom and with families.

"In particular, we have a family with a child that is autistic," Taylor noted. "Mom is working with the child at home. So I have things that I can share with that family, so she can continue to work with her child."

More than 153,000 openings for child care workers are projected over the next decade, largely driven by the need to replace those who have left the field or retired, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Taylor pointed out some children have challenging behaviors, and may have a lot of things going on at home. It is her job to help them thrive in preschool.

"Because we're the first start, when they come into Head Start, that's their first opportunity to be in a learning environment," Taylor explained. "It's up to us to do everything that we can do, to help make that first experience successful."

Karen Harrison, managing director of career in education workforce development for Save the Children, said rural areas have access to fewer resources compared to urban areas, so the program focuses on addressing the specific gaps in rural communities. She added the Pathways program aims to reduce barriers to obtaining a higher-ed credential or degree.

"All of our pathways come with incentives," Harrison emphasized. "We either pay all or partial of their tuition; we pay stipends, for books, supplies and materials. We also give 'barrier reduction' stipends. We know that child care for participants themselves can be an issue; transportation, technology needs."

Harrison added the pathway begins with a Child Development Associate credential, followed by an associate degree, and ultimately a bachelor's degree. In the process, they improve the career opportunities for workers, as well as the quality of early learning.

A persistent child care worker shortage across New Hampshire is leaving families with few options.

The state is currently short more than 7,000 child care positions but low wages and burnout are driving workers from the field and forcing some centers to close.

Shannon Tremblay, director of the New Hampshire Child Care Advisory Council, said workers are struggling to care for their own families with wages barely above the federal poverty line.

"No one wants to come in for a low wage," Tremblay pointed out. "No one wants to come in making $15 an hour, working long hours in a stressful environment."

Tremblay argued greater state investment will create long-term benefits for both parents and children, some of whom may have disabilities or behavioral issues which could be identified earlier by trained child care staff.

Last year, state lawmakers invested more than $60 million in child care services, including $15 million for the creation of child care workforce grants and investments in the state's Family Resource Centers.

Tremblay emphasized the end of career and technical education programs in New Hampshire high schools broke the pipeline of workers entering the field, putting greater pressure on current staff to do it all.

"Our providers are the case manager, the cook, the plumber," Tremblay observed. "They want to provide that high-quality care and right now it's just, they can't do it."

Tremblay stressed pandemic-era funding to support the child care industry will run out in September, so state lawmakers need to act. She added the state could increase wages so the burden does not fall on New Hampshire families, who currently spend roughly $24,000 a year on care for two children under age five.

The child welfare system in Pennsylvania faces a staffing crisis affecting children and families throughout the system.

The Child Welfare Resource Center said about 30 counties report caseworker vacancy rates of 30% or higher

Terry Clark, president and CEO of the Pennsylvania Council of Children, Youth and Family Services, at a state Senate hearing on child welfare, challenged the Departments of Education and Human Services to work together to develop a STEM-focused model for human services. It could offer young people opportunities for training, apprenticeships and careers in child welfare, juvenile justice and behavioral health.

"We spend a lot of time focusing on colleges and universities," Clark noted. "But we believe we might want to back this up a little bit, and start looking at middle schools and high schools. Try to reinvigorate, get younger students motivated and trying to come into this field."

Clark pointed out some agencies have asked supervisors and even people from other departments to take on casework responsibilities. A recent Philadelphia study found Community Umbrella Agencies had an average 45% turnover rate, with vacancies ranging from 21-60 positions.

Clark observed private providers face workforce challenges similar to the county child welfare agencies. He emphasized counties are beginning to explore more contractual relationships with private providers for needed work.

"Counties are starting to put out RFPs, calls for private providers to help supplement their workforce," Clark stressed. "That means they're asking private providers to take on roles and functions that, in the past, were primarily done by counties themselves."

Clark argued competitive wages are seen as crucial to attract and retain child welfare workers, and county funding often falls short. He added student loan forgiveness and fellowship programs may be promising ways to bring new people into the field, but lawmakers would have to agree.

"There have been House bills and different Senate bills that have been introduced, or at least in draft form over the years," Clark acknowledged. "We hope that there's continued discussion about those, because if we can get some movement on those, we think those will really help."

He told legislators the turnover trends will not change significantly without increased investment in workers.