NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- New federal data shows adult learners, students of color and veterans still are far less likely to complete a college degrees than other groups, and state education officials say they're now using a data-driven approach to come up with targeted programs aimed at preventing at-risk students from dropping out.

In two new studies that tracked students between 2011 and 2017, researchers found only about a quarter of Black and Hispanic students had earned a bachelor's degree by 2017, compared with more than 50% of Asian students and 43% of white students.

Emily House, deputy executive director of the Tennessee Higher Education Commission, said Tennessee is working to collect information on which students need help, the reasons they struggle, and better ways to support them.

"Really helping the institutions to use their data," House said. "To focus on their data, to see where these gaps in attainment, gaps in completion exist and then what is the most appropriate intervention for the students on that campus. And it can range from a summer bridge program to a mentorship program to a technology lending library."

She said two years ago Tennessee implemented Reconnect, a program for adults going back to school.

Students are paired up with a community member known as a navigator, to help address challenges from enrollment through degree completion.

House added adult students who work with a Reconnect navigator are more likely to persist from semester to semester than an adult learner who doesn't.

Many of the resources adult learners rely on also have benefited the state's veteran students. House said the commission has a process for determining which institutions are good fits for veterans.

"Courses that are offered, credits given for prior learning, credits given for service, and T-HEC (Tennessee Higher Education Commission) gives them like a stamp of approval saying you are a vet-friendly campus."

The U.S. Department of Education study found veterans were half as likely to have earned a bachelor's degree as non-veterans within a six-year period.

House said administrators will likely have to expand resources for students who need it the most during the pandemic. She added Tennessee's colleges already are seeing changes in enrollment.

"Some institutions are saying that a lot of people have chosen not to enroll, and their enrollment is down," House said. "This is interesting because of the economic downturn. Typically, when you see an economic downturn, enrollment in higher education explodes. At least anecdotally thus far, that is not what we're hearing."

The longitudinal study also found students who started college more than a year after they graduated from high school were about one-fourth as likely to earn a bachelor's degree within six years.

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Support for this reporting was provided by Lumina Foundation.


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Indiana is rolling out a series of new education laws aimed at helping students succeed in and beyond the classroom.

The changes affect everything from attendance and academics to teacher pay and cybersecurity.

Tami Silverman, president and CEO of the nonprofit Indiana Youth Institute, said lawmakers responded to schools' concerns about chronic absenteeism.

"It was exciting to see that the legislature was really listening to the schools," Silverman explained. "Because we've heard, and schools have said repeatedly, that chronic absenteeism continues to be an issue."

New laws require schools to clearly define excused absences, publish attendance policies and offer better student support. High schoolers can now earn an Enrollment Honors Plus seal, combining academics, life skills and work experience. Students who earn it will be guaranteed admission to Indiana's public colleges.

Some educators said the new requirements may strain already limited school resources, especially in smaller districts that face staffing or funding challenges.

Silverman noted the changes are designed to help more students succeed, by doing such things as streamlining applications for college admission, military financial aid and paid internship programs.

"This is really exciting because we do know that sometimes those application processes can be a barrier," Silverman observed. "We want to remove those by setting kids up for success in high school."

Other laws raise the minimum teacher salary to $45,000 dollars, expand access to paid internships and require math screenings in early grades. Cybersecurity upgrades will be phased in by 2027.


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Many Texas students lose nearly 40% of what they learned during the year on summer break.

A new program in Arlington is helping kids avoid the "summer slide" by engaging them with creative projects which extend into the new school year.

Monroe Farbes, a 16-year-old International Baccalaureate participant, recently landed at the top of Amazon's list of young adult poetry with her new book "All I Know." She said the goal she set for herself last summer was to learn how to publish a book.

"Choosing to learn something and creating a product based off of what I learned, it helped me to learn critical thinking skills, research skills, time management skills, communications skills that were really, really useful," Farbes explained.

The International Baccalaureate program aims to prepare students for the future with real-world skills, global awareness and a love for learning, not just memorizing facts. After writing her first 20 poems last summer, the program gave Farbes time during the school day to write 35 more and then complete the formatting, marketing and other challenges involved with self-publishing.

There are many ways parents can help students avoid learning losses over the summer, and the Texas School for the Deaf offered tips. They recommended kids get outside and away from screens and they suggested parents give kids everyday lessons, like asking them to estimate the final bill while grocery shopping.

Farbes encouraged other young people to take on creative projects and to be curious about the world around them. She noted by the time you get to the end of her book, you realize the main character does not know everything.

"And that's OK, she's figuring it out," Farbes stressed. "Sometimes all you know is that you are just on your process to figuring it out. But make sure you remember everything that you learn."

Farbes's collection includes insights into the complexities of biracial identity, the joys of summer and sisterhood and the challenges of gardening. Here she reads her title poem, "All I Know."

"Familiar with myself, is the greatest gift on the shelf. Comfort in my own skin, who I am within, is all I'll have in the end. In that end, past all time, will I still be able to look myself in the eye?"


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Proposed federal legislation would expand school choice options for families to send their students to private schools or home educate them and the move could affect Arizona's current scholarship accounts.

Public school officials are pushing back. While Arizona parents can already get reimbursed for private and homeschool expenses, the Educational Choice for Children Act would create a tax credit for a similar purpose.

Brian Jodice, national press secretary for the American Federation for Children, said the measure is not a voucher program but a donor-driven initiative to provide families with more schooling options.

"It doesn't impact state budgets. It doesn't impact the federal budget. It allows people to donate to these scholarship granting organizations and get a tax credit, so (it) incentivizes the donors to go do that, which we think is a good thing," Jodice explained. "It also incentivizes families to be able to go apply for it and let their students benefit from it."

The Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy said at least 138 million people nationwide could be eligible for the tax credit. States must opt in to participate.

Arizona public education officials have said its private school funding comes at the expense of K-12 schools. Demand for the program far outpaced what the state had budgeted in the first year alone and demand has continued to grow.

Maura McInerney, legal director at the Education Law Center, called the national program a tax shelter to benefit wealthy people at the expense of public schools.

"We've seen this occur in other states and there's no accountability for these dollars and how they're spent," McInerney pointed out. "The only criterion for receiving a voucher is actually a high family income limit. So essentially this money will potentially benefit students who are already in private schools."

The nationwide program would cost the federal government at least $100 billion per year.


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