RALEIGH, N.C. -- Animals are on the move to escape rising temperatures and increased floods and drought, but some could find refuge in North Carolina's Sandhills and Southern Blue Ridge, according to a new map developed by scientists at The Nature Conservancy.
The map pinpoints biodiverse "hotspots" that are likely to be buffered from dramatic climate changes.
Jeffrey Marcus, applied scientist at The Nature Conservancy in North Carolina, said as temperatures warm, critters that need colder climates will migrate north to survive. He stressed it's critical they're able to move across landscapes.
"We can't think about just one small place," Marcus contended. "You can't have a protected park and think, because you've protected that park, that everything is fine. We need to be thinking about landscapes and how we can keep whole, natural and functioning landscapes intact."
He added each decade, some species are moving an average of 11 miles north and 36 feet higher in elevation in search of more hospitable places to live. But research shows nearly 60% of U.S. lands and waters are fragmented by human development, preventing species from finding new homes.
Marcus noted parts of North Carolina have unique features that boost resilience to a changing climate.
"Particularly in the Blue Ridge Mountains, there's lots of topography, so you have north-facing slopes and south-facing slopes, some of which are hotter, some of which are cooler," Marcus explained. "You have changes in elevation. In the Sandhills, likewise, you have these rolling hills, intermixed between wetlands and contiguous forests, and places that have these resilient features."
Liz Kalies, director of science at The Nature Conservancy in North Carolina, said it's critical for developers, conservation groups and businesses to help preserve the "hotspots" identified on the map.
"So one thing we really want is for these places to remain undeveloped," Kalies urged. "In North Carolina, as we've worked with the solar industry, we've delivered that map to them, we've given them the spatial data behind the map and said, 'We feel strongly that these are the places that you should avoid.' And you know, it's supported by good science."
The team of scientists also mapped "natural highways" across the country, connecting corridors that will allow species to move safely within and between climate-resilient regions.
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Recreational fishermen in New England say commercial trawlers are threatening the survival of smaller businesses relying on a healthy stock of Atlantic herring.
The small forage fish is vital to both the marine food chain and the region's economy.
Rich Hittinger, first vice president of the Rhode Island Saltwater Anglers Association, said years of overfishing depleted the population and continue to have negative effects on the ocean ecosystem.
"The predator fish, like the striped bass, they're scrounging for anything that they can eat," Hittinger observed. "And we often see fish that are long and thin because they're really not getting sufficient nutrition."
Hittinger noted anglers want the New England Fishery Management Council to reestablish a 12-mile offshore buffer zone to force large commercial trawlers out to sea and reduce conflicts with businesses closer to shore. The council is accepting public comments through April.
For more than a decade, New England anglers worked to amend the Atlantic Herring Fishery Management Plan to protect inshore areas from the effects of industrial trawling, which can ensnare massive amounts of marine life in football field-size nets. But a previous buffer zone was vacated in 2022 after a court determined the depletion of Atlantic herring could not be scientifically proven.
Jaclyn Higgins, forage fish program manager for the Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, said just 20% of a healthy Atlantic herring stock remains.
"We're hoping that we can really pinpoint what kind of spatial and temporal restrictions need to be put in place," Higgins explained. "So that we can come to a better compromise with managing the fishery."
Higgins pointed out charter businesses, bait and tackle shops, marinas, even whale-watching operators are all dependent on Atlantic herring. She added it is important their voices be heard as regulators consider new ways to manage the population and ensure all entities have access to this small but significant fish.
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Colorado may soon welcome back wolverines, an animal with a reputation for its ferocity and strength nearly wiped out by trapping, poisoning and habitat loss in the early 20th century.
Last week, lawmakers introduced Senate Bill 24-171, which if passed would kickstart the process of reintroducing the carnivore as soon as 2026.
Michael Saul, Rockies and Plains program director with Defenders of Wildlife, said wolverines are native to Colorado, but just 300 or so remain in the entire lower 48, and that the Rocky Mountains may offer the best chance for their long-term survival.
"Because of the height and climate of the high Colorado mountains, Colorado is one of the best places for holding onto deep snow through the 21st century," Saul explained.
Wolverines rely on hard-packed snow at high elevations throughout the winter to store food and dig dens to raise their young, and Saul noted that stress from shrinking snowfall has led to a decline in mating numbers. Not to be confused with the similarly named wolves, wolverines are a member of the weasel family and weigh between 18 and 40 pounds.
The animal was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2023 largely due to loss of habitat to climate change. The bill includes compensation to ranchers for any loss of livestock, but Saul said there have only been two known attacks in the past century worldwide.
"A wolverine would much rather find a deer, elk or moose that had been killed by an avalanche, and scavenge the frozen corpse, than try and hunt a sheep," he said.
Wolverines are tenacious scavengers. Their back molar teeth are turned sideways, an adaptation that allows them to tear into and crush frozen meat and bones. They can smell prey beneath 20 feet of snow, and the ferocious critter has been known to fight off animals many times their size.
"There are stories from the 19th century trappers and mountain men of wolverines picking a fight with a grizzly bear over an elk carcass, " Saul said.
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A Connecticut bill would have restricted toxic pesticides called neonicotinoids - or so it seemed. The bill's newest iteration, some experts feel, is a shell of the original, without the same protections.
Joyce Leiz, executive director of the Connecticut Audubon Society, noted the new version won't ban agricultural uses, but still mentions them in the bill. She said the new version also removes a ban on using these chemicals on golf courses or for landscaping.
"Those two areas would still be able to use neonicotinoids," she said. "Golf courses in the state of Connecticut represent between 8,000 to 12,000 acres of land and are the heaviest users of neonicotinoids for grub control."
Leiz said these chemicals don't impact the grubs as much as it seems. She feels the agriculture industry and golf courses are driving the bill's changes since they've used neonicotinoids for so long. Farmers rely on seeds coated with the chemical to repel insects.
The bill is under review by the Joint Committee on Environment.
The Connecticut Audubon Society will hold a conference on neonicotinoids on Monday. Anyone interested in attending can visit ctaudobon.org for more details.
Neonicotinoids have been banned or heavily restricted in numerous areas for the harmful effects they have on wildlife. Leiz says the coated seeds, while important for farmers, are problematic for birds.
"One coated seed can kill a songbird if that bird happens to pick it up in a field," she said. "It has enough neonicotinoids to kill a songbird. And then, the spraying on lawns kills our pollinators. So, we're losing our bees. We're losing our butterflies. "
Research shows beekeepers lost more than 45% of their honeybee colonies from 2020 and 2021. In humans, these pesticides have been linked to muscle tremors, lower testosterone and birth defects such as heart or brain deformities.
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