CORRECTION: The $3.7 billion figure represents an increase in education investments during the eight-year Wolf Administration, not the Pennsylvania state education budget, which is $16 billion. (1:25 p.m. MDT, Aug. 10, 2022)

After eight years, the Pennsylvania school-funding lawsuit is in the hands of the judge, creating a waiting game heading into the new school year.

The oral argument ended in July. Advocates argued the way Pennsylvania schools are funded violates the education clause and equal-protection provision of the state constitution.

Deborah Gordon Klehr, executive director of the Education Law Center, said students of color are disproportionately affected in underfunded districts in low-wealth communities, where they lack such basics as functioning school libraries and up-to-date textbooks.

"The inadequate resources prevent many Pennsylvania students from meeting academic standards set by the state," Klehr asserted. "The state legislature has an obligation to ensure that every student, not only those living in select ZIP codes, receive the basic resources they need."

Klehr added Pennsylvania has one of the widest gaps between low-wealth and high-wealth school districts in the nation. A typical high-wealth district in the commonwealth spends about $4,800 more per student than a low-wealth district, and the gap has been growing.

With trial proceedings are over, Klehr acknowledged the judge's decision may take some time, and predicted it may not signal the end of the battle.

"We are confident about our case," Klehr stated. "But whatever the outcome, an appeal by the losing side is likely, to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court."

Klehr noted the General Assembly does not have to wait for the outcome of the case. It has a legal obligation under the state constitution to solve the school-funding crisis as soon as possible.

Gov. Tom Wolf recently announced his administration had increased education funding by more than $3.7 billion since 2015, including a $1.8 billion increase for the coming school year.

Klehr emphasized it is an important confirmation of the spending levels needed in coming years.

"Those kinds of increases will need to be sustained in the years ahead to help get local districts to adequate, equitable levels of funding," Klehr contended. "And bring Pennsylvania up from the bottom in the share of education funding that is provided by the state."

Klehr stressed Pennsylvania currently relies on local funding for schools more than almost any other state. Her organization advocates shifting the funding system to recognize the very different needs of different communities.

Amid recent reports of high stress and loneliness among college students, a Nebraska community college has a program focused on community building and connection.

At Northeast Community College in Norfolk, the federally-funded TRIO - College Success Program enrolls about 200 of the roughly 6,500 students seeking a degree.

Joshua Becker, director of the school's TRIO program, said it "sets itself above others" with community building, intensive advising and personal success coaching. It requires TRIO students to meet with an advisor a minimum of three times a semester, which Becker pointed out allows them to catch problems early.

"We're lucky that we are able to check grades constantly with them," Becker explained. "We are able to intervene with them before the struggle is so much that it's insurmountable."

To be eligible, students must meet one of three criteria: neither parent has a four-year degree; their family meets federal low-income guidelines; or they have a documented learning, physical or emotional disability.

Becker attributes much of the TRIO program's success -- including a 66% graduation rate, compared to 53% collegewide -- to the trusting relationships the staff develop with students.

As important, he said, are the relationships the TRIO students develop with their peers. Fostering the relationships are community-building activities, including in- and out-of-state field trips and national leadership conferences.

"Because we find the more relationships that they have here on campus, the more likely they are to stick around when things get tough, because they're going to have that support system backing them," Becker noted.

Sidney Bourek, a veterinary tech student and student ambassador, attested to how helpful her TRIO advisors have been.

"With TRIO, if you're having a problem in your personal life or need help with school, need to know who to contact, they're always there," Bourek observed. "They're great about meeting with you based on your schedule."

Bourek added one of the ways the TRIO advisors "set her up for success," was helping with her FAFSA and scholarship applications. She emphasized students prod each other to be successful, too.

"There's some people who don't think they can make it or don't think that they should fill out FAFSA or important stuff like that," Bourek said. "And it's great to have each other to kind of, 'Oh, hey, did you do this, did you do that?' Just check in with each other."

Support for this reporting was provided by Lumina Foundation.

An initiative by the Hispanic Access Foundation aims to bridge the gap between land-management agencies and access to employment for Latinos and people of color.

The My Access to Network Opportunities project has cultivated partnerships with federal agencies and organizations for professional development and training opportunities for people of color.

Nina Marti, manager of the project for the foundation, said there are often many prerequisites to be considered for a federal job. For many, it is not a lack of drive or skill, but an inability to enter the field in more traditional ways.

"What the MANO project does is, when we enter a partnership with these agencies, we're collaborating to create an environment that not only supports interns and fellows, and addresses those barriers," Marti explained. "But also creates packages, and competitive mentorship and learning opportunities, that will take them to the next level in their career."

Marti added the program involves getting interns fair wages, and funding to support relocation and housing if needed. The goal is to ensure the learning opportunities get people the experience they need to compete in the federal job market, whether it's a particular certification or field experience.

Marti pointed out there is extensive history about how people of color interact with the outdoors, and it includes barriers to owning land, and even recreation. She acknowledged not everyone is aware of the steps and knowledge needed to be considered for land management positions.

In talks with federal agencies, her group emphasized the importance of being open to "nontraditional education backgrounds."

"Particularly as it pertains to Indigenous peoples, who have such a deep understanding of their lands but not through the traditional educational pathway," Marti noted. "Or folks who are engaged in their communities who understand their needs. There are so many different ways to acquire that knowledge."

To young people interested in federal job opportunities but feel they're not qualified, her advice is, "Don't count yourself out." And to people in positions of power within federal agencies, Marti advised it would help them to broaden their own understanding of conservation and environmentalism, which she added will open doors for new stakeholders.

Educator training programs in Georgia would not contain diversity, equity and inclusion terms, if the Georgia Professional Standards Commission decides this month to remove them.

Groups are voicing concerns about it, both for teachers and students. The changes would affect all educators up to Grade 12, from principals and superintendents, to reading specialists and school counselors. The proposal would remove terms like "equitable," and use words like "unique" or "different" instead of "diverse."

Mikayla Arciaga, Georgia director of advocacy and education for the Intercultural Development Research Association, said the result would diminish the evidence-based training teachers want, and create obstacles for addressing student needs.

"It's a politicization of something that should not be political, which is that every classroom should feel safe for every child," Arciaga asserted. "And so, to walk away [from] that language that explicitly said, 'We will serve you regardless of these things,' we're inherently swapping that out for a more deficit-focused lens. I think it has just, like, inherently negative implications."

Proponents of the changes say they are crucial to prevent misinterpretation or confusion about the language, thus better equipping new educators. But Arciaga contended teachers can better serve students from diverse backgrounds if they focus on cultural responsiveness.

In 2020 research from Northwestern College, adopting culturally responsive teaching methods was found to significantly boost student engagement and foster a positive classroom atmosphere.

Mason Goodwin, organizer for the Georgia Youth Justice Coalition, said his organization also opposes the changes. He warned they could not only negatively affect students but reduce competitiveness in terms of hiring and retaining educators.

"I think there's kind-of two sides to this," Goodwin explained. "One is how this impacts future teachers, which is like, all of a sudden, the accreditation that they're getting isn't going to match what other states have. Then in the classroom, our teachers need to be aware of all the different situations students are coming from."

The public had the opportunity to voice opinions on the suggested modifications until May 23, and the commission is set to review them this week, at its Thursday meeting. The changes would take effect July 1 if adopted.


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