A bill to make tribal governments equal partners with the federal government in managing a pair of Arizona land preserves advanced in the U.S. House Wednesday.

The measure would establish the Great Bend of the Gila and Palo Verde National Conservation Areas, and designate a panel of 13 tribal governments to jointly manage the lands with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Much of the 400,000 acres is considered sacred and ancestral lands by Native Americans.

Rep. Raul Grijalva, D-Ariz., the bill's sponsor, said he and others have been working on the plan for more than a decade.

"The bill would protect tens of thousands of acres of new conservation lands and wilderness across a landscape dotted with petroglyphs, ancient structures and settlements, and other cultural settlements and monuments," Grijalva outlined.

For the first time, tribal governments and the BLM would share responsibility for protecting the area, considered one of the most culturally significant and ecologically fragile landscapes in the U.S. If Congress approves "conservation" status, the areas would be permanently protected.

Tribal leaders say Native Americans have rarely had a voice in how their lands are managed, often watching careless development destroy iconic archaeological formations and ancestral monuments.

Stephen Roe Lewis, governor of the Gila River Indian Community, told subcommittee members in the past, tribal lands were often left unprotected against vandalism and destruction.

"Culturally significant places such as these deserve the highest protection," Lewis stressed. "If these areas are vandalized, if sacred places are disrupted, irreversible harm is caused because these areas cannot be replaced."

Skylar Begay, a tribal outreach fellow at Archaeology Southwest, said giving tribal leaders equal status over historic lands is long overdue.

"Allowing the indigenous peoples to access and use the land in traditional ways and be on equal levels with municipal, state, and federal governments will be a small step in righting the wrongs that indigenous peoples have endured," Begay contended.

Only 17% of Native Americans are able to continue their education after high school.

Tribal colleges hope their efforts to help these students thrive will lead to improved outcomes. The approach is being highlighted in a Wisconsin school's milestone. This fall, the College of Menominee Nation kicked off a yearlong celebration as it observes its 30th anniversary.

Christopher Caldwell, president of the school, said it is important to display how much of an asset the campus is to the community. He noted part of it plays out in welcoming Indigenous students who did not have a good experience in trying out a mainstream college or university.

"And so, they come back home," Caldwell observed. "They might not have their degree, or they come back with debt."

Caldwell pointed out schools like his work closely with students in those situations, and he hopes their welcoming environment rubs off on mainstream campuses. He added tribal colleges are also important because they can educate the community about a local tribe's history. This year's celebration coincides with the 50th anniversary of the Menominee Restoration Act of 1973.

The policy reversed an earlier decision by Congress to terminate Menominee's status as a federally-recognized tribe. Caldwell argued it is an important story to keep telling.

"We really as an academic institution represent the intent of that act in all of the efforts of what our tribal nations look to do, which is to assert their sovereignty [and] their self-determination," Caldwell emphasized.

He stressed they are working to revitalize traditional aspects of the Menominee language and culture, which coincides with similar efforts around the country to prevent Indigenous languages from going extinct as a number of tribes lose their elders.

Caldwell stated it is a key example of the role an institution like his can play, and something other colleges can learn from.

A totem pole from the Lummi Nation in northwest Washington is traveling across the country as part of a bid to call for clean energy and environmental justice.

The pole left the Lummi Reservation in mid-September and has made stops along the way, including in Seattle, George Floyd Plaza in Minneapolis, and in Pittsburgh - which hosted a ministerial meeting on clean energy last week.

Douglas James is a member of the Lummi Nation's House of Tears Carvers - which crafted the 14-foot totem pole - and he is traveling with it across the country.

"We're just standing up for those that don't have a voice," said James, "like the birds, the frogs, the salmon, the orcas."

The totem pole is scheduled to reach Washington, D.C. this week.

James said the Lummi Nation first dedicated a totem pole to the victims of September 11th, two decades ago.

Wes Gillingham, the associate director of Catskill Mountainkeeper in New York, is traveling with the totem pole as well.

He said he's critical of some alternative fuel sources being proposed - such as what's known as "green hydrogen," which has a reduced carbon footprint but still produces emissions.

He said indigenous people should be at the forefront in the transition to clean energy.

"Listen to the voices of indigenous leaders and communities that have been impacted historically," said Gillingham. "They are working on finding some of their own solutions; organic or sustainable agriculture to help reduce the emissions from the agricultural industry and industrialization of agriculture that's taken place over the last 50 years."

James said he believes it will take a monumental effort to beat climate change and ensure clean air and water for the next generation.

"It's going to take every one of us," said James, "everybody that's living and breathing upon this planet, to try and do the best that we can to stand and make a difference."

The economy is usually a big topic during elections. With the midterms near, recent inflation woes are especially felt in tribal areas, and Indigenous leaders in North Dakota hope it spurs turnout.

A recent national poll found 63% of Indigenous voters were experiencing serious financial problems.

Douglas Yankton, chairman of the Spirit Lake Nation, said inflation has affected programs providing an array of services on his reservation. Even though some of the pressure has eased, the ripple effect is still there.

"A lot of those services don't go as far as they used to," Yankton explained. "Let's say transportation for instance, with the prices of gas and oil and everything, we have to figure out new routes to accommodate for that full week."

He added COVID is still a concern. Cases were disproportionately felt by Native populations, and Yankton pointed out local businesses are hurting with some residents worried about close contact, limiting their ability to work or shop. Despite long-standing voting barriers for Natives, he encouraged them to make their voices heard on these issues by seeking out election resources to make it easier.

Rep. Ruth Buffalo, D-Fargo, a member of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, said inflation impacts Native voters in urban settings, too. Buffalo emphasized there is a lack of a commerce hub in Fargo to secure traditional Native food staples and other items. And, she said, the economic pressure made it harder to get those items from other parts of the region.

"Like when we go to Minneapolis, we can stop at Native owned businesses where wild rice might be sold, or different types of coffee, and of course jewelry," Buffalo observed.

She suggested the lack of a local hub makes it harder for local Native entrepreneurs to sell their products. Buffalo added over the past couple of years, they have seen an influx of Indigenous women and children come to Fargo in search of services. She noted it has revealed gaps in various systems. On a broader scale, Buffalo stressed there's another key issue Indigenous voters are watching.

"We know that for decades many people have been working behind the scenes to get rid of tribal sovereignty for their own benefit," Buffalo asserted. "We really need to get to the ballot boxes to protect tribal sovereignty."

Buffalo is the first female Native American Democrat elected to North Dakota's Legislature and is seeking reelection. Her opponents did not respond to a request for comment before deadline. One of her opponents, Republican Joshua Christy, has said he supports tribal sovereignty.