School students across Wisconsin are still getting settled as the new academic year unfolds. And experts say it's important to get them in for a physical and get their hearing, vision, and teeth checked.

A study from the Urban Institute found almost one in five parents delayed or skipped their children's' preventive visits during the pandemic, so now is the time to catch up.

Dr. Donna O'Shea, national chief medical officer for population health with UnitedHealthcare said some parents don't recognize the importance of regular hearing tests.

"Like vision and dental, early detection of hearing issues is crucial for getting treatment as soon as possible," said O'Shea. "And that's really important because hearing loss can affect a child's ability to develop speech, language and social skills."

O'Shea recommended young people follow the "60-60 rule," which means only using earbuds or headphones for less than 60 minutes at no more than 60% of the player's maximum volume.

The American Optometric Association recommends children get their first comprehensive eye exam before their first birthday, again right before kindergarten, and if no issues are detected, every two years after.

O'Shea reminded parents that the blue-light exposure from screens can affect eye health, and contribute to headaches, dry eyes and neck or shoulder pain.

"Make sure the computer screens are at least 30 inches away, or to make sure that you or your child are taking breaks every 20 minutes from the screens," said O'Shea. "And consider investing in screen protectors or computer monitors that help limit that exposure to blue light."

When it comes to teeth, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report says more than half of children ages six to eight have had a cavity in at least one of their baby teeth - and reminds parents that exams are required upon entry into third grade, and again in seventh grade.

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Russell County teachers, staff, counselors, and bus drivers have received intensive training on the effects of childhood trauma on kids' mental and physical health since 2019.

Today, elementary school suspensions have decreased by 50%, and more kids report feeling safe, cared for, and feel they "belong" at school.

Amalia Mendoza, senior policy and advocacy officer at the Foundation for a Healthy Kentucky, which provided grant funding for the Bounce Rural Adverse Childhood Experiences Project, said rural communities face different challenges in reducing behavioral issues stemming from adverse childhood experiences.

"We're talking about toxic stress, we're not talking about just any adversity," Mendoza pointed out. "There's really that kind of stress that is ongoing, and that can produce changes even in the brain and in the immune system."

According to the Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, nearly 40% of kids in the U.S. have been exposed to at least one adverse childhood experience, such as neglect or abuse, living with someone with a drug, alcohol or serious mental-health problem, the death of a parent, or exposure to violence or discrimination in the home or community.

Tracy Aaron, director of health education for the Lake Cumberland District Health Department, explained adverse childhood experiences have been linked to heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer and mental-health problems; all conditions prevalent in the region and across Kentucky.

"In the Lake Cumberland district, if you look at the data that backs up ACEs," Aaron observed, "we have a very high rate of poverty, we have teen pregnancy. Substance use is an issue."

Michael Ford, superintendent of Russell County Schools, said schools cannot fix family problems, but they can work to remove barriers affecting academic performance and provide spaces where students see de-escalation, self-care and effective problem-solving techniques, and healthy relationships.

"We want our kids to be resilient, right?" Ford stated. "Number one, we want to prevent anything that we can help prevent. Kids, regardless, are going to have ACEs, but ACEs do not have to hold them back."

Ford added successful strategies in the district include parent and grandparent training on how to build kids' resilience, increasing support for school counselors, and changing discipline policies.

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CLARIFICATION: The Harris Poll survey was commissioned by the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption. (4:25 PM EST 11/22/2022)

November is National Adoption Month, and survey results suggest attitudes about adoption are changing. A recent Harris Poll survey commissioned by the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption found that 37% of Americans are considering adoption, which is the highest rate since the survey began in 2007.

More than 1,500 children in Indiana currently are in need of an adoptive home.

Michelle Savieo, adoption program manager for the Indiana Department of Child Services, said some of the myths around adoption include the idea that some children aren't adoptable or that you have to be a perfect person.

"People believe that you have to have this perfect persona to be an adoptive parent, I think anybody can do it if they have a desire to parent and are willing to make a commitment," Savieo said. "Anybody can parent and all children are adoptable, and you don't have to be perfect to do it."

She said other myths include that you have to be married, or young, or that it's expensive to adopt.

Adoption is a life-altering event, and Savieo said all children they work with have had some type of trauma in their lives. This often results in traumatic behaviors or challenges that make parenting more difficult.

Savieo said in 2023 adoptive parents will be required to undergo annual training similar to that required of foster parents.

"In the past, Indiana has not licensed adoptive families, I believe that effective in 2023 we are going to require the same ongoing training for adoptive families that we do for foster families," she said.

She said the agency has learned that ongoing training gives parents skills to identify trauma behaviors as they are happening and avoid perceiving them as an attack.

"With adoptive families, it's really important for them to be able to recognize trauma behaviors, because what we often see is that when the children are demonstrating behaviors, parents become challenged, and when they can reframe that and recognize that it's not an attack on them as a parent, it allows them to kind of take a step back and parent the children differently," Savieo said.


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Across the state, kids say they want more resources for mental health - according to the recently released 2022 Kentucky Kids Count County data book.

More than 15% of Kentucky's children and teens struggled with anxiety and depression in 2020.

Kirsten Yancy is a senior at Maryfield High School in Graves County. She said students are struggling to keep pace with rapidly changing technology and face greater academic and social pressure.

"It just puts a lot of pressure," said Yancy, "because you need to live up to certain standards while also maintaining your own life."

Students also cite concerns over school safety, whether that's being prepared to act quickly and effectively in the case of a school shooting or improving their school climate.

Kentucky kids also say they feel threatened by too many guns in their community. The new data shows firearm deaths among children in the Commonwealth have significantly increased since 2013.

Kentucky Lt. Gov. Jacqueline Coleman said lawmakers understand that schools, especially those in rural areas, are strained for resources to tackle mental health. She said she expects the issue will be a top priority when the state Legislature convenes in January.

"We know that our schools are now taking on so much of the challenges that kids bring with them from home," said Coleman. "And so this was a core piece of that agenda that we are going to continue to work through and work with legislators on through the upcoming session."

Patricia Tennen, chief operating officer of Kentucky Youth Advocates, added that that county-level data provides a snapshot of community resiliency in the face of an unprecedented pandemic and numerous natural disasters.

"When local leaders have that local data on how they're doing," said Tennen, "they can really target and know how kids are faring in their community and what targeted efforts they can do to improve well-being."

Detailed information on more than a dozen measures of child well-being in every Kentucky county can be found at 'kyyouth.org/kentucky-kids-count.'

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