North Dakota's plan to boost animal agriculture has reignited a thorny issue: loosening restrictions on corporate ownership of farms. The state said it's about competition, but there are renewed concerns about environmental setbacks, as well as tribal considerations.
A bill in the Legislature would bring some big changes to a decades-old law prohibiting corporations from owning North Dakota farmland. Exemptions would essentially be applied to cattle, hog and poultry feedlots and dairies.
Scott Skokos, executive director of the Dakota Resource Council, worries the state does not have the regulatory capacity to monitor a potential influx of factory farms.
"I don't necessarily think that we have robust enough rules for us to really welcome an industry that will come in [here] in large scale, most likely," Skokos pointed out.
He contended if regulations lag behind development, waterways would become polluted and air quality would suffer. Tribal advocates worry about dumping of waste near reservations, pointing to examples from the fossil-fuel industry.
The state's agriculture commissioner told a House committee it is about having companies partnering with local farms, while noting there would still be restrictions.
The bill includes a limit of 160 acres in setting a business structure for corporate ownership.
Nicole Donaghy, executive director of North Dakota Native Vote, said such a property can still hold a lot of animals and is not sustainable. She also argued corporations would be able to work around the limitations.
"All it takes is creating another subsidiary in order to obtain another 160 acres," Donaghy asserted.
Her group's research showed it means up to 2,600 farms could be used to gain a competitive advantage.
Meanwhile, state leaders have testified extra manure from the operations could improve soil health. Skokos acknowledged while it is true, the risks are far greater.
"The volume that we're looking at if we get to the scale that people want to get to in North Dakota would be very damaging," Skokos emphasized.
Leaders in Bismarck have argued the state needs to complement its grain production by making significant gains in livestock, noting North Dakota is falling behind neighboring states. The bill is expected to see more debate in the coming weeks.
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Advocates are asking Maryland lawmakers to establish a superfund to help hold fossil fuel companies accountable for the costs of climate change.
Both houses of the General Assembly are debating the "Responding to Emergency Needs from Extreme Weather Act." It would establish a Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Fund, targeting the 40 largest companies extracting or refining gas and oil with a fee totaling $9 billion over 10 years.
Sen. Katie Fry Hester, D-Howard, citing the expense of infrastructure upgrades, said the state needs help paying these costs.
"Unfortunately, it has become the responsibility of the Maryland taxpayer to foot the bill for the costs of climate mitigation, adaptation and recovery measures," Hester pointed out. "Not anymore. It's time to ensure that the polluters pay."
The bill would enable the Department of the Environment to use the fund for stormwater and sewer system improvements, bridges and rail infrastructure, flood recovery, clean energy projects and more. In a recent Senate committee hearing, some lawmakers expressed concern about the targeted businesses passing the cost on to consumers.
The Center for Climate Integrity estimated by 2040, Maryland will have to spend more than $27 billion to protect against the possibility of moderate sea-level rise.
Jamie DeMarco, Maryland director of the Chesapeake Climate Action Network, said climate change mitigation is already costing the state hundreds of millions.
"Howard County is spending $228 million to bore an 18-foot diameter drainage tunnel through granite bedrock to prevent flooding," DeMarco noted. "It's the biggest capital expenditure in the history of the county. Annapolis is spending $50 million renovating their dock from nuisance flooding. The same thing is happening everywhere across the state."
Recent polling by Data for Progress found 73% of likely voters support assessing a fee on big oil and gas companies to pay part of the cost of climate change mitigation. Either version of the measure needs to pass one chamber by March 18 in order to have a future in the current session.
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The founder of the Baltimore Compost Collective wants Baltimore to ditch trash incineration, fight climate change and grow healthier food.
Marvin Hayes began composting in Baltimore more than a decade ago and has grown the operation into a collection service picking up around 1,500 pounds of food waste each week. Hayes operates a composting facility at the nonprofit Filbert Street Garden, where the organic material is turned into rich soil for use at the urban garden.
Hayes sees a revolution, a better way of life for Baltimore's Black community to help fight what he calls "food apartheid" and end the city's reliance on a giant, polluting waste-to-energy incinerator and fight climate change.
"People didn't know that the incinerator was causing $55 million in health damages, or they didn't know what the incinerator was," Hayes recounted. "People didn't know that Baltimore County trash gets brought here and burned. Howard County's trash gets brought here and burned."
In September the Environmental Protection Agency announced a $4 million grant as part of the Bipartisan Infrastructure bill to build a solar-powered composting facility in south Baltimore to accept food scraps and other organic material. The agency estimates the facility will keep 12,000 tons of waste out of the city's incinerator.
Incinerators release large quantities of lead, mercury and other harmful pollutants into the air. In late 2020 Baltimore signed a 10-year contract to continue incineration, much to the chagrin of environmental advocates such as Hayes, who have long advocated for composting as a viable alternative to toxic trash incineration.
A 2018 study by the Baltimore Office of Sustainability noted compost-amended soil can reduce contamination of urban pollutants by 60% to 95%, and protects against the danger associated with lead in urban soils.
Hayes' composting facility has a limited capacity. When it is full, he transports the rest of his food scraps to a bigger organic compost facility in Upper Marlboro in Prince George's County.
"If PG County is doing it, why shouldn't Baltimore be following the same practices?" Hayes asked. "Make a large scale composting facility, so when the residents put their recycling out, they'll put their composting out, it'll go to a large-scale composting facility, create four times more jobs than incinerators, two times more jobs than the landfill."
This story was produced based on original reporting by Aman Azhar for Inside Climate News.
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Up to $1 million in grants are up for grabs in Los Angeles for local groups to build or expand community parks, gardens and green spaces.
The Bezos Earth Fund awarded the grant to the nonprofit GreenLatinos through its Greening America's Cities initiative. GreenLatinos will now distribute the funds to local community groups who can apply starting Feb. 27.
Jonathan Fajardo, California community advocate for GreenLatinos in Los Angeles, said the idea is to fight environmental inequalities perpetuating systemic health and economic injustice.
"We're looking especially to uplift projects that are creating access to healthy organic foods, like urban gardens and community farms, true communal spaces," Fajardo outlined.
A July 2022 study from the University of Southern California found almost a quarter of households in Los Angeles were food insecure over the prior year, with low-income households headed by young Latina adults hit the hardest.
A community group, called Mujeres de la Tierra - which means "Women of the Earth" - will use funding from the initiative to add native pollinator gardens, interpretive signage, shaded areas, and exercise equipment to Juntos Park in the Glassell Park area of Los Angeles. The project aims to promote community involvement and engagement.
Fajardo emphasized they are focused on funding projects springing from local community groups, rather than large public agencies.
"We're mainly looking towards nonprofits, especially grassroots and frontline organizations, community-based smaller organizations that are more addressing, at a hyperlocal level, urban greening and food access," Fajardo explained.
The Sustainable Cities Urban Greening Initiative is offering a similar program in Albuquerque and Chicago for a total of $2.7 million in grants. Groups can apply through the JustFund online grants portal. GreenLatinos also offers training to help groups write their proposals.
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