February is American Heart Month, and a Georgia medical expert said knowing the difference between heart attack and cardiac arrest can help save a life.

Every year, more than 800,000 people in the U.S. have a heart attack, and the majority are first-time heart attacks, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Dr. Jaime Burkle, medical director of the Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, Metabolism and Lipids at the Georgia Heart Institute, said cardiac arrest is when a person's heart stops pumping blood around their body, and they stop breathing. He added circulation needs to be restored immediately with CPR.

He noted one of the causes of cardiac arrest could be a heart attack, which is due to blockage in the circulation in the coronary arteries.

"The coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with blood," Burkle explained. "And when you have a buildup of cholesterol plaque inside the artery, and then a blood clot, this will interrupt the circulation of blood inside the heart muscle and cause a heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction."

Burkle pointed out if cardiac arrest results from a heart attack, which is about 25% of the cases, then it is preventable. He added prevention starts with tackling the risk factors which can cause heart attacks, such as elevated cholesterol and blood pressure, smoking, diabetes and obesity.

Dr. Ravi Johar, chief medical officer for UnitedHealthcare, said a cardiac arrest can happen to a teenager playing baseball, who's hit by a ball at the exact moment in the heartbeat cycle to disrupt it. He added family medical history and genetics can help determine if someone is prone to experience cardiac arrest or a heart attack. Screening and tests are encouraged for those with high-risk family history.

"Things like Marfan syndrome increases the risk of aneurysms and abnormal blood flow to the heart, and things of that sort," Johar noted. "There can be some genetic consequences. There can also be genetic history, if your parents had problems with their hearts, there's a higher likelihood that you may."

Johar stressed it is important to be aware of some of the most common heart-attack signs including tightness, pressure, or an aching sensation in the chest which can spread through the upper body, plus shortness of breath, fatigue and dizziness.

Holiday stress is a concern for most people, but when you mix in travel plans and chronic health issues, those worries might be elevated.

A Minnesota expert said now is the time to ensure a safe and healthy trip this season.

Dr. Mary Boylan, cardiothoracic surgeon at St. Luke's Hospital in Duluth, said whether you're flying to a warmer destination or driving a few hours to a relative's house, preparation is vital for those with a chronic health condition like heart disease or being at risk of stroke.

To start, she recommended checking in with your doctor to find out if you are healthy enough to travel. If so, getting the logistics down should be the next priority.

"It's really easy to think, 'Oh, I'm just gonna fly here, fly there,' and forget about the details," Boylan pointed out. "If we can take those actual itinerary items off the table and have arranged to have a cart, if we need a cart, to get us to our gate that's a really good step."

Safely transporting medical devices, such as portable oxygen machines, is another priority. Boylan recommended checking with transportation agencies and companies about their policies for storing and screening them. Having enough medication is important, too. And if you are traveling to another time zone, experts suggest talking with your doctor about adjusting your medication schedule.

Boylan also is president of the American Heart Association's Midwest region Board of Directors. She noted when you get to your destination, having fun is the goal but don't feel like you have to go beyond your comfort zone.

"And we should really build in downtime," Boylan advised. "It is a very, very good thing to -- in the middle of the day or before the end of the evening -- just settle down, have a little time for peace."

She added it can help to keep blood pressure in check amid all the travel and activities you are trying to squeeze in. Other tips include locating nearby health facilities during your trip, and for long flights, wearing compression socks to prevent blood clots.

This week is Crohn's and Colitis Awareness Week, shedding light on what some call an invisible disease.

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are also known as inflammatory bowel disease, and they affect a person's food choices and many other aspects of life.

Ryan Boyce - executive director of the Northwest chapter of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation - said symptoms include abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and diarrhea.

But Boyce said many suffer in silence because those symptoms aren't usually visible.

"It's a difficult disease to diagnose and it's very common for folks to really struggle with these symptoms for a while," said Boyce, "before they get properly diagnosed and can begin a treatment path to help improve their health."

A recent study found about one in 100 Americans has been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD.

Boyce said there's no cure for the disease, although there are a few approaches that can alleviate symptoms, such as medication and changes to a person's diet.

"The unique thing with IBD is that it impacts everyone a little bit differently," said Boyce. "So, there's not one set strategy and plan, or a blueprint if you will, that if everyone follows then it kind of limits symptoms. There's just so much variance with the disease."

Boyce said there have been major strides in the search for solutions for this affliction.

"What we're really trying to do is find cures," said Boyce, "and cures, plural, because it will take more than one cure depending on the disease and the treatment - and pushing toward that."




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November has been Diabetes Awareness Month - but heading into the holidays, people who are diabetic know they can't lose their focus on keeping it in check. And technology is making it easier to monitor the disease from home.

More than 520,000 Washingtonians have been diagnosed with diabetes.

Dr. Mamatha Palanati is the medical diabetes program director for Kaiser Permanente Washington. She said the disease needs to be managed closely, because it can lead to serious health complications.

Palanati noted that fortunately, people don't need to leave their homes to do this in some cases.

"In today's world, there's a much easier way to do it, like telehealth," said Palanati. "Telehealth provides multiple ways for the follow-up and connection to the health care for any individual."

Palanti said people managing diabetes still should plan to see their physician in person at least once a year. Management of other factors, like blood pressure and cholesterol, can also help reduce complications.

Palanati said monitoring technology can also assist people.

"The family members and caregivers, or anyone who can take care of that particular individual," said Palanati, "can do it remotely and manage their diabetes in a much better way."

Palanati stressed that diabetes is a chronic disease.

"Don't look at this as an additional chore or anything," said Palanati. "Make it as a part of your life. So, be active, making sure you adapt to the healthy lifestyles. It may not be perfect, but try your best to get what you can do."




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