African Americans have played a foundational role in Wyoming since the 1860s, when they served as soldiers at Fort Laramie, and owned and operated some of Cheyenne's first businesses, which are just some of the historic nuggets uncovered by the Black Wyoming Project funded by the National Park Service.

Delia Hagen, the project's director, is documenting the history and historic places of Wyoming's Black community, a community underrepresented in the National Register of Historic Places and National Historic Landmarks.

"The history of African American communities in general is underdocumented across the United States," Hagen explained. "That is especially so in places like Wyoming and Montana."

Hagen noted Black people in Wyoming played a major role as members of the workforce delivering fuel for heat and electricity to the entire nation. African Americans were prominent members of coal-mining towns including Green River, Rawlins, Rock Springs, and in Hanna, where dozens of Black men were among the 169 miners killed in Wyoming's worst coal disaster in 1903.

Hagen's research revealed Black residents have played important roles in all of Wyoming's major economic sectors, including coal, railroad, cattle, the arts, and sports, and she said they were part of the political, social and cultural fabric of every major city, many towns and most of the state's counties.

"Some sources even trace the origins of Frontier Days to 1870s riding exhibitions by a black cowboy named Sam Stewart," Hagen explained. "Stewart was also known as 'Bronco Sam,' and was renowned as one of the best riders in the region."

Hagen pointed out one goal of the project is to get more historic sites registered and into the written record we rely on, including the 1914 home of two of Sheridan's most prominent Black residents, Charles and Minnie Hardaway Askew. But Hagen added there are numerous opportunities at sites across the state to make the contributions of African Americans more visible.

"This history is almost wholly unknown outside of the descendant community itself, and a few scholars," Hagen acknowledged. "But this project shows that African Americans are an integral and prominent part of Wyoming history."

Illinois is making history as the first state to collect Middle Eastern and North African representation data on all state forms and surveys.

With the passage of House Bill 3768 Illinois will count Arab Americans and other minorities from the Middle East and North Africa.

Rep. Abdelnasser Rashid, D-Bridgeview, said the data collected is far more than just symbolic.

"You are valued, and you will no longer be invisible in the data," Rashid explained. "When the census was being done in 2020, Arab American organizations were encouraging people to write under the 'other' section to say Middle Eastern or Arab or Palestinian or whatever your background was. They have been defaulted to 'white,' so we have been completely invisible in the data."

The 2020 census was supposed to have a checkbox for Middle Eastern and North African residents, but it was removed by President Donald Trump prior to data collection.

Arab communities have been fighting to be included in the census for decades, so it is not a new idea but Rashid said it finally allows for them to be seen. Rashid argued the data will have real-world effects, and they will be able to see outcomes in health care, education, employment and economics and get a glimpse into what the needs and challenges are. Once there is enough data, they will know how to make adjustments to serve the communities better. He encouraged people to use the checkbox.

"This data, once it starts being collected and once we have enough of it, will give us really important insights," Rashid contended. It will become very important to help us understand the lives and needs of the Arab American community in Illinois."

Gov. JB Pritzker tweeted this week history had been made and he looks forward to signing the bill into law to ensure a more equitable Illinois.


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The Michigan Senate has passed legislation to confirm wearing natural hair should not prevent anyone from rising in the workplace, in education or in society in general.

Renee McCauley, a great-grand niece of civil-rights icon Rosa Parks, said the CROWN Act finally allows Michigan as a state to embrace her family and heritage fully.

She described how her great grand aunt relocated from Alabama to Detroit because of racism and was welcomed by the city to live and be herself.

"With the passing of Senate Bill 90 and the CROWN Act, I think that's a step in saying OK to some more of the ideals of embracing how people are as their natural selves," McCauley stated. "I think she would agree with that. I'm happy, I just think it's a great day for Michigan."

The CROWN Act is law in 20 U.S. states, 44 cities and the U.S. Virgin Islands, according to the CROWN Act's website. Five states have not filed legislation for the act. The bill now moves to the House.

At a news conference following passage of the act, Sen. Sarah Anthony, D-Lansing, recalled stories of discrimination including a young girl in Mount Pleasant whose hair was cut by school personnel, an elementary school child in Jackson who was told she could not pose for school pictures because of her braids, and a man in mid-Michigan who was denied health care coverage.

Chris White, Michigan state director for Restaurant Opportunity Centers United, expanded on the limitations specifically in the restaurant industry.

"If you're a waitress, will you get scheduled for shifts where the big tips come where the restaurant is the busiest? Will you get a promotion if there's a general-manager position or district-manager position open?" White asked. "We have to take into account hair discrimination and promotional opportunities."

The CROWN Act will protect against discrimination on hair texture and race-based hairstyles, including but not limited to braids, dreadlocks, twists and Afros.

Japanese Americans gather this weekend for memorial events at the World War II Topaz internment camp in Delta, and in Salt Lake City, to mark the 80th anniversary of a murder.

In 1943, James Wakasa was walking his dog inside the internment camp when an Army guard shot and killed him, alleging Wakasa was trying to escape.

Ann Tamaki Dion, a third generation Japanese American, a Topaz camp descendant and president of the group Friends of Topaz, a group which actively supports the Topaz Museum in Delta, said several of her family members lived or were born at the internment camp.

"Yes it's a personal story, but it is an important story for all Americans," Dion explained. "Because we happened to be a targeted group in 1942. But this can certainly happen to any other group in the United States."

Dion added the event which took Wakasa's life at age 63 symbolizes not only his tragic death, but the many injustices endured by Japanese Americans incarcerated during the war. Dion noted on Friday and Saturday, groups will commemorate his life and bring the community together, to continue to heal.

According to Friends of Topaz, from 1942 to 1945, more than 11,000 people of Japanese descent were imprisoned at the Topaz camp, most of them American citizens. Today, although many have since passed away, friends and descendants will commemorate their survivors' experiences and stories, and reflect on the impact on generations who followed.

"This is a trauma that has passed down, it's a history that we always shared within the family," Dion observed. "And to get a form of resolution and recognition in sharing the story, because it is very important."

Dion added some of those in attendance are survivors of other internment camps, as well as the people of Delta, whom she said "saw fit to help preserve" the stories of Topaz. Some of their stories are shared online at topazstories.com.


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