Most Illinois residents will soon be paying the one-percent state sales tax on their groceries again.

Governor JB Pritzker's temporary tax relief is set to expire July 1 following a one-year suspension. It covered what the state refers to as "low-rate" grocery items, not the "high-rate" foods and beverages taxed at the full 6.25%.

Manuel Villaneuva, western regional director for Restaurant Opportunities Center United, a nonprofit advocating for workers in the restaurant industry, said the return of the 1% tax can be tough for the low-wage workforce, as pay is still relatively low since the pandemic, even as Illinois rents continue to climb.

He pointed out inflation is not making things any easier.

"Those little pennies on the dollar -- once you go to the grocery store -- for a family of four that is an average of $500 every two weeks," Villaneuva observed. "That can be really detrimental for their expenses."

Although many believe exempting groceries from state sales tax bases has a progressive effect, research from the Tax Foundation suggests it is not the case. It called grocery exemptions a middle-income, not a low-income, benefit, noting middle earners can more efficiently recoup the expense through grocery tax credits.

There is always some confusion about low-tax-rate versus high-tax-rate foods, based on the state's guidelines for what qualifies as a "prepared" food product.

Villanueva covers California and Minnesota as well as Illinois, and asserted although all states tax prepared foods, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish what is considered a "prepared" food.

"The only thing that I've heard of is maybe like a service charge for service workers and food workers, but never a tax on food," Villanueva emphasized. "If something like this were to happen in Illinois, you know, it would spark the flame. It's not sustainable for a lot of states, and it's not fair."

For people located within the Illinois Regional Transportation Authority or Metro-East Mass Transit District, the 1% local tax on food was never suspended. Thirty-seven states do not tax groceries at all, and of the 13 states doing so, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas and Oklahoma provide a tax credit or rebate to offset costs for lower-income households.

This year's Food to Power Harvest Festival marks 10 years since Colorado Springs residents launched a food rescue project to get fruits and vegetables to areas of the city without accessible grocery stores.

Patience Kabwasa, executive director of Food to Power, said the fun and fundraising event set for Sept. 23 will help fuel a new decade of capacity building for services still very much in demand. She noted prior to the pandemic, one in six Coloradans did not know where their next meal would come from. The numbers are worse now.

"Today in Colorado it's about one in three," Kabwasa reported. "The need for fresh food, particularly, is at an all-time high, and that just continues to grow."

This year's Harvest Festival will take place at the Hillside Community Food Hub, which opened last year. The hub is the culmination of six years' work with community residents to imagine and create a facility which now features gardening education, a producing farm, a demonstration kitchen, events venue, and a no-cost grocery store.

The grocery program has seen a surge in demand after pandemic-related supply chain disruptions, along with claims of price gouging, led to spikes in food prices. Kabwasa explained volunteers collect food from a variety of community partners "just in time," and families receive fresh produce, dairy and meat within 72 hours.

"We partner with different grocery stores and farm stands, and take the excess that is not able to be sold by the expiration date," Kabwasa outlined. "We're able to redistribute that to the community."

With food insecurity impacting families across Colorado, Food to Power's grassroots organizing model could offer a blueprint for other communities. Kabwasa emphasized it all starts by identifying what people actually need, and then building relationships with food producers, grocery stores, and other stakeholders to remove barriers separating healthy food from families.

"You cannot do it without the buy-in from that community," Kabwasa stressed. "Being able to hear what the needs are, specifically, from those community members, and mobilizing resources based upon what you heard."


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Anti-hunger advocates are pressing Congress to fully fund WIC, the food benefit program for expectant mothers and children younger than 5. Conservatives in the House of Representatives have proposed a budget for WIC of $5.5 billion. The Senate proposal is $6.3.

Sarah Diaz, policy and media coordinator with the California WIC Association, explained the program would need a billion dollars more than that to be fully funded.

"We would love for the House to reconvene and try to work out a budget that fully funds WIC so that they're able to serve all eligible participants and one that accounts for the projected increase in WIC enrollment," she continued.

There is also the question of the Food and Vegetable benefit, which was raised to $25 to $49 per person per month during the pandemic in accordance with recommendations
from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. The GOP proposal would drop it down sharply to $11 to $15 per person per month, which is slightly higher than pre-pandemic levels.

More than 930,000 mothers, infants and toddlers depend on WIC benefits in the Golden State. Diaz offered a report from the Center for Budget Policy and Priorities that found if the current GOP proposal passes - more than 100,000 Californians would wind up on a waiting list.

"In the '90s, there were waiting lists, and that had a major chilling effect. So people will choose not to go to WIC if they think they're taking somebody else's spot, even if they really need the program. And that means that we won't be serving everyone who needs it," she said.

Congress has to pass an appropriations bill or a continuing resolution by September 30th in order to avoid a government shutdown.


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With back-to-school season here, Minnesota is implementing no-cost meals for all students, regardless of family income.

As districts prepare, some reminders are being floated to parents. The state Legislature approved "universal meals" for schools this past session.

Leah Gardner, policy director for Hunger Solutions Minnesota, said parents no longer face the burden of having to fill out paperwork to ensure their child has access to these meals, or worry about whether they are eligible.

She noted families still might be asked to voluntarily complete applications, because of the broader benefits connected to tracking participants.

"That is often tied to a school's funding and a family being able to get other forms of relief from paying fees, and various things like that. It's still important for a variety of reasons," Gardner explained. "But thankfully, it's not the 'be all, end all' to whether a child's going to eat that day."

The Minnesota Department of Education said all public school districts will be participating in no-cost meals, covering 880,000 students. It is unclear how many private schools will take part, but Gardner has observed some of them making the transition, because of the benefits to both students and a school's operations. After-school snack programs are not part of the initiative.

As more families face pressure from their grocery budgets, Gardner encouraged households, especially those who have never used the program before, to keep an open mind about taking advantage of these meals.

"They might be surprised about how much a district is doing around, you know, allergy considerations, making sure that meals are healthy, fresh, culturally appropriate, you name it," Gardner outlined.

She added those approaches might help a student discover foods they've never tried before. The meals are still connected to the National School Lunch Program, so they must meet a nutritional standard.

Minnesota is now among eight states to have taken steps to expand no-cost breakfasts and lunches to all students.