Virginia fishermen want action to be taken to keep industrial menhaden operations in the state in check.

Menhaden are a nutrient-rich fish and a key part of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem. However, their numbers are dwindling, due in large part to the rate they are being fished out of the Bay for consumption. Surveys show young menhaden populations are dwindling, according to the Chesapeake Bay Foundation.

Chris Dollar, owner of Tackle Cover Sport Fishing, said there is no silver bullet to solving the problem, but state and federal regulations could prove helpful.

"They should operate in the ocean waters, out of the Chesapeake Bay where the waters are deeper," Dollar suggested. "There's far less risk of user conflict. Barring that, they should be at least a mile or perhaps a mile and a half from shore. That would put their ships in deeper water."

Being in deeper water would prevent net spills from occurring. Dollar argued companies should be held accountable when net spills do occur.

This year, Gov. Glenn Youngkin approved a bill calling for the Virginia Institute of Marine Science to develop plans for studying the ecology, fishery impacts and economic importance of menhaden populations in the state's waters. A final report must be submitted by Sept. 1.

A 2022 study by the College of William and Mary found the depletion of menhaden is impacting another Chesapeake Bay native: the osprey.

Steve Atkinson, president of the Virginia Saltwater Sportfishing Association, described how the birds are affected by declining menhaden populations.

"Basically, the chicks, the newborn osprey, are heavily dependent on menhaden for food," Atkinson explained. "If their parents have trouble finding menhaden, then the chicks basically starve."

Several groups signed a letter of support to Youngkin, calling for menhaden operations to be moved out of Chesapeake Bay to protect the ecosystem and Virginia's outdoor recreational economy.

Next week, parts of Wisconsin will see the return of near 90-degree temperatures. Animal rights voices say as hot stretches become more common, it is important for pet owners to take short- and long-term precautions to keep their four-legged companions safe.

The Environmental Protection Agency said under the threat of climate change, the Midwest is experiencing heat waves in greater frequency.

Kristin Schrank, board vice president of the Wisconsin-based group Alliance for Animals, said in general, ripple effects from a warning planet pose threats in a variety of ways.

"We're experiencing extreme heat and cold, wildfires, smoke and poor air quality," Schrank outlined. "This is not only impacting humans on the planet and their companion animals, but it's also impacting wildlife."

For summer heat, Schrank said pet owners should always keep fresh and clean water accessible, along with a shady spot. For those with a yard, she suggested enhancing landscaping, such as adding trees or shrubs, is helpful. Cooling mats for dogs are another option. When taking pets on a walk, experts say you should be mindful of the hot pavement, and either put protective boots on the animal or have them stay along the grass.

Schrank noted like humans, pets will show signs of heat stress, such as vomiting and disorientation. And there are some more likely to be affected by hotter temperatures.

"If the animal is very young, very old, overweight, thick coated, all of those things make them more vulnerable or susceptible," Schrank pointed out.

Despite greater awareness, Schrank emphasized there are still tragic situations involving pets being left in hot vehicles or outside in the extreme heat with no protection. Last year, there were 57 heat-related pet deaths in the U.S. She added under Wisconsin law, there are certain civil liability protections for those who spring into action if they observe such a situation.

"Essentially, it does allow people to cause damage," Schrank explained. "For example, break into a locked vehicle that has an animal that is suffering inside due to heat."

Some animals are not included in the statute, such as farm animals. The person taking action also has to follow certain guidelines, such as calling 911.

Hoosiers are enjoying the arrival of summer, but it is not the only important event on the calendar this week.

For more than 30 years, the third week of June has been set aside as Animal Rights Awareness Week. It is an ideal time to talk to friends and family about respecting and protecting animals.

Lisa Terry, executive director of the Cass County Humane Society in north central Indiana, sees every day why it is important to remind people to be kind to animals. As the state emerges from the pandemic, Terry said sadly, too many owners have surrendered pets.

"People who're working from home during COVID, now, they're back to the office or back to the factory and the dog or cat is alone all day," Terry pointed out. "They come home to maybe a mess or a frustrated animal, and it's not as much fun as it used to be, so that's one reason they're being returned."

Terry stated every community plays a crucial role in animal welfare. The Animal Legal Defense Fund ranks Indiana 12th in the nation for state animal-protection laws, from including animals in court protective orders to requiring training for humane officers.

For individuals and families, choosing to adopt a shelter animal instead of buying from a pet store can make a meaningful impact. Volunteering time or money can also make the difference between your local animal shelter failing or succeeding.

Terry acknowledged inflation has been a challenge, but her shelter has found creative ways for struggling owners to keep their pets.

"The huge rising cost of food, litter, veterinary bills, and some people still not back to work," Terry outlined. "We try to give from our pet food pantry -- Kitty Litter, and dog food and cat food -- so that people can't afford it, we want to give them food and necessary support, so they can get through the hard times."

Terry stressed as people observe Animal Rights Awareness Week, it is also important to celebrate the advocates who serve as the voice for animals, in state and local policy and enforcement.

If you've been to a Wisconsin park recently, chances are you have noticed lots of geese. Their populations have trended upward, and animal rights advocates urge municipalities to take euthanasia off their list of mitigation strategies. Mid-June is considered a key time for cities to carry out elements of their control plans, because that is when geese lose their flight feathers and grow new ones.

Mary Telfer, board president with the Alliance for Animals, said places like Madison and Mukwonago have turned to lethal options at various points. They round up geese and either euthanize them at meat processing plants or through gas chambers - actions she calls cruel and inhumane.

"These are highly intelligent birds and they have a strong family structure," she contends. "They mourn when they lose a partner or a family member, or an egg."

She added the gas is used for baby geese and results in a traumatic death. The group urges local agencies to stick with other strategies, like habitat modification. Madison officials sad they rely on several non-lethal practices, and euthanasia only as a last resort. Mitigation plans have become prominent as Canadian geese numbers have soared, prompting nuisance concerns.

Telfer explained it is understandable some people are annoyed about navigating bird poop, but added they might not be happy to know about the lethal action sometimes used to keep populations under control.

"I doubt very much - if someone is complaining about some goose poop and they call the park district to say, 'Clean it up' - I can't imagine most people would be okay with this," Telfer said.

Her organization is working with the group In Defense of Animals to sound the alarm over a planned "roundup" this summer in Mukwonago. That process is under the direction of the Phantom Lakes Management District, which could not be reached for comment. Residents who are concerned are urged to contact local officials, with more info at 'AllAnimals.org.' Cities that consider lethal strategies coordinate such efforts with the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.