By Harshawn Ratanpal for OpenSecrets.
Broadcast version by Nadia Ramlagan for West Virginia News Service reporting for the OpenSecrets-Public News Service Collaboration

The race to replace Sen. Joe Manchin (D-W.Va.) has heated up since the 76-year-old moderate announced he won't be running for reelection.

Outside groups have spent $4 million on the Republican primary since Manchin's Nov. 9 announcement, more than triple what they spent in the seven months before. In total, super PACs have spent over $5.1 million on the race so far.

Rep. Alex Mooney and West Virginia Gov. Jim Justice are both running for the Republican nomination. The general election was ranked a toss-up by the Cook Political Report before Manchin's exit but has since turned into a solid red seat, meaning the winner of the Republican primary is favored to win the general election too. While there have not been any polls since Manchin's announcement, the latest from Emerson College predicted in October that Justice would outperform Mooney.

Last week, a previously inactive super PAC called Defend American Jobs dropped $1.5 million into the race on a media buy for Justice. The group raised $4.7 million last year, according to OpenSecrets' analysis of a campaign finance disclosure filed Jan. 29. Coinbase and Ripple Labs, two cryptocurrency companies, each contributed $1.5 million. Another $1.5 million was contributed by venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.

Defend American Jobs is affiliated with Fairshake, a Florida-based crypto-focused super PAC that has spent money supporting both Democrats and Republicans in over a dozen House races across the country late last year. On Jan. 31, Fairshake disclosed to the Federal Election Commission that it had $67 million on hand at the start 2024. The group gave $150,000 to Defend American Jobs last year.

Fairshake's website says it "supports candidates committed to securing the United States as the home to innovators building the next generation of the internet," and Axios reports an operative of the group says it supports candidates who are "pro-innovate, pro-responsible regulation, pro-crypto, pro-blockchain technology."

The only public action or statement by Justice regarding cryptocurrency seems to be in 2017, when the then-Democrat Justice signed a bill into law that defined cryptocurrency and made it illegal to use it to launder money in West Virginia.

Despite the recent spending surge for Justice, Mooney has received more support from super PACs in total. Since April, groups have spent $2.7 million supporting the five-term representative or opposing the governor, with $1.6 million of that spent between Manchin's November announcement and the end of 2023.

Conservative advocacy group Club for Growth is the top spender boosting Mooney with $2.1 million supporting him or opposing Justice. The group announced last July that its super PAC and the Protect Freedom PAC had raised more than $13 million to support Mooney's bid for Senate.

Mooney is also endorsed by the Senate Conservatives Fund, which has spent $220,000 supporting him.

Justice has attracted much less super PAC support, especially before Manchin dropped out. Before November, the only outside spending supporting Justice was $75,000 from More Jobs, Less Government, a super PAC that has primarily spent money on races in Montana. Its top donor last election cycle was the Congressional Leadership Fund, a super PAC dedicated to electing Republicans to the House of Representatives.

After Manchin's announcement, Justice garnered support from the Conservative Americans PAC, a group that received millions from conservative dark money groups ahead of the 2022 midterm elections. The Conservative Americans PAC was called a "pop-up" super PAC in 2022, as it launched shortly before many races, allowing it to forgo disclosing its donors until after multiple primaries. The group spent $883,000 supporting Justice and opposing Mooney in the last two months of 2023.

Justice's campaign committee raised more money than Mooney's during 2023. But by the end of the year, Mooney had more money on hand than Justice because he transferred over $1 million from his House campaign committee. If Justice needs more cash, he could dip into his own wealth, which he did in both his 2016 and 2020 runs for governor.



Harshawn Ratanpal wrote this story for OpenSecrets.

Support for this reporting was provided by The Carnegie Corporation of New York.


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Colorado lawmakers are working to ensure all Coloradans with health coverage for ambulance services are not hit with surprise bills or charged higher out-of-network rates.

Rep. Karen McCormick, D-Longmont, said when patients are in their most vulnerable moments, their focus should be on their health, not navigating coverage loopholes or worrying about affording a bill.

"When people call 911, they don't have a choice on who is going to show up," McCormick pointed out. "They don't have the ability to shop around."

The bill would close a gap in surprise-billing protections passed in 2019 to include the nearly 75% of Colorado ambulance services that are operated by cities, special districts and other political subdivisions. First responders and consumer advocates support House Bill 1088. Some insurance companies are lobbying against the measure and claimed it could lead to higher premiums paid by individuals and their employers.

McCormick underscored the measure would apply to people who already have coverage for ambulance services listed in their insurance plans.

"If indeed these services are covered, if (insurers) are saying it's going to raise premiums, it doesn't make any sense because they should have been covering it all along," McCormick contended. "We do have data that shows that it will not raise premiums."

McCormick noted the bill also provides assurances to ambulance agencies across the state by requiring insurance carriers to pay the full rates set at the local level by cities and other governing bodies. Currently, insurance companies get to decide how much of the rate to pay.

"This is very much a local control issue," McCormick stressed. "It will also create a public-facing website of rates that have been adopted by these political subdivisions."


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States like North Dakota could see unique effects under President Donald Trump's approach to tariffs.

Uncertainty lies ahead, but one expert said consumers should be prepared. Going into this week, prospects were raised about the U.S. imposing tariffs on goods from counties like Canada and Mexico. The plans were paused for a month.

Ernie Tedeschi, director of economics of the Budget Lab at Yale University, said people should expect more of the president's rhetoric and know how to protect their wallets. If tariffs against Canada come back into play, the ripple effect on household budgets could be noticed in certain ways, especially in this part of the United States.

"We import a great deal of crude oil and natural gas from Canada, particularly in the Midwest," Tedeschi pointed out. "There's a heating bill effect. There's also a gasoline bill effect."

A significant percentage of fruits and vegetables come from Mexico but he cautioned against stockpiling them because they will likely expire before they're eaten, wasting your money. Groups like AARP said one way to prepare for possible changes is to find deals on dining out, with restaurants offering more discounts these days.

Lumber imports could become more expensive, with added pressure to rebuild homes lost in the Los Angeles wildfires. Tedeschi recommended if you're considering a home renovation project, it is something to keep in mind. He added if you feel you cannot hold off on a big-ticket purchase, like an appliance, there still could be wiggle room in the short term.

"Electronic stores, for example, get through their nontariff stock before they get to the tariff stock," Tedeschi noted.

Those prices might not escalate as quickly under a rapidly changing trade war if the local company has a big inventory ahead of time.

For durable goods, he emphasized it is all about doing the research to make sure the financial sting is not so bad. Cars are another example.

"Even if you think you're buying an American brand, remember that a lot of American brands are assembled in Mexico and Canada, and would be subject to tariffs," Tedeschi observed. "Or least some parts of them would be subject to tariffs."

While pauses were announced for Canada and Mexico, new tariffs for China were on the table this week.

As Los Angeles starts to recover, residents across the Pacific Northwest are being reminded of the risks wildfires pose.

Timothy Ingalsbee, executive director of the nonprofit Firefighters United for Safety, Ethics and Ecology, said firefighters are quickly overwhelmed by today's fast-moving wildfires. He noted simple, proactive measures such as sweeping your roof of debris, keeping your gutters clean and installing screens on roof vents are cheap and effective ways of protecting homes.

However, such efforts are not just up to individuals, Ingalsbee emphasized, adding homeowners need to approach the problem as a community.

"Because if you do all these things to protect your home but your neighbor doesn't, it's your neighbor's house that will catch fire and then put yours at risk," Ingalsbee explained.

Ingalsbee urged people to keep lawns mowed and warned not to leave flammable objects close to the house. He stressed keeping up on chores, as well as implementing more prescribed burns outside urban areas, will go a long way to protecting communities from wildfires.

Once a fire starts moving house to house, Ingalsbee acknowledged it is almost impossible to control. He added people living rurally as well as in urban areas need to think about safety because embers from wildfires can travel for miles and ignite homes easily.

"If anything is teaching us a lesson now, in this era of climate change, we're all living in the fire zone," Ingalsbee pointed out.

Ingalsbee encouraged everyone to think about their senior or disabled neighbors who may not be able to tend their own homes, and give support as they can. He said everyone should feel empowered to help protect their communities. If we all do our part, Ingalsbee added, wildland firefighters will not be needed to protect homes from wildfires because they will not ignite in the first place.


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