Although classes are back in session, all New York City public schools still aren't entirely disability accessible.

Reports find more than two thirds of schools across the five boroughs don't comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act.

The previous capital improvement plan invested $750 million for ADA school upgrades. But, this only made one third of schools accessible.

Molly Senack, education and employment community organizer with the Center for Independence of the Disabled New York, said this is unfortunate for students with disabilities.

"Those students are limited in the way they can choose what schools they want to attend," said Senack, "and it also means families and caregivers of students are limited in the way that they get to participate in their children's education."

Some groups want the city's Department of Education to allocate more than $1 billion for ADA compliance upgrades. Though this seems like a lot, it's making up for lost ground.

In 2015, the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York reported the city failed to meet its ADA compliance requirements.

But Senack noted that the biggest challenge is staffing shortages throughout the Department of Education.

Beyond physical disabilities, New York City schools also face shortcomings in helping students with intellectual disabilities.

Reports show there aren't enough Special Education Certified teachers for students who need them. Senack said lacking professionals prevents some students from getting the education they need.

"For students with any disability," said Senack, "unfortunately, there is a pretty significant backlog in misrelated services where families have essentially filed complaints and requests for these missed services, and they are still waiting years later."

Lawsuits have been filed over the years to bring the city into compliance, though it's uncertain how effective those have been.

The most recent case relates to providing compensatory services for students who couldn't get regular school services during the pandemic.

North Dakota is above the national average in seeing individuals with disabilities as part of the workforce but the people tracking the numbers said even more people could be part of the steady job growth.

During National Disability Employment Awareness Month, assistance groups and agencies remind businesses and hiring managers workers with disabilities are a hidden talent pool.

Malinda Krahgh, employment specialist for the North Dakota Center for Persons with Disabilities at Minot State University, said "mom and pop" style businesses are often more open to providing job opportunities than larger corporations and there are more barriers.

"We do find that it's a little more difficult to connect with those bigger companies, to encourage them to hire individuals with disabilities," Krahgh pointed out.

She noted it makes it harder for workers with disabilities to earn more money and improve their quality of life. Traditionally, the national disability unemployment rate is higher than in the general population. However, gains were seen after the pandemic. In North Dakota, the employment rate for working-age people with disabilities is nearly 20 percentage points better than the national average.

Krahgh emphasized workers with disabilities bring a variety of skills to the table and should not be limited to food service and similar jobs. She encouraged larger employers with more diverse openings to gather input from provider agencies and customize platforms for jobseekers.

"I do notice that through online job applications, that it's not quite as easy to get those skills and information out there," Krahgh added.

Her team recommended using video resumes, where a person with disabilities can better describe their unique skills. Advocates said with remote work still a major force, employers can use the tool in hiring more people with disabilities.


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Connecticut disability rights advocates are concerned about state and federal barriers to employment.

At the state level, Medicaid is the only health care plan covering necessary care some people with disabilities might need. Beyond that, they could face high out-of-pocket costs.

Jonathan Sigworth, president and CEO of the nonprofit More Than Walking, feels states can reform their Medicaid buy-in programs. Connecticut's buy-in program has a $10,000 asset limit, which he said restricts a disabled person's ability to work.

"The system is currently set up so that if you have the health care you need, the policies prevent you from working," Sigworth pointed out. "You'd have to choose between the two, essentially, in some cases. Those policies are really detrimental."

Having a job could force someone over what advocates call the "benefits cliff," when a person gets a raise, has a kid with a part-time job, or some other income increase, which then makes them ineligible for certain benefits. Connecticut's General Assembly considered several bills during its last session to alter programs with benefits cliffs, though none were passed.

Beyond state policies, the upcoming election is also concerning for Sigworth. He's troubled by Project 2025, a policy outline for former President Donald Trump's possible second term. It calls for removing the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's consent decree power in instances of employment discrimination.

Sigworth noted it would terminate a key way for people with disabilities to fight workplace discrimination.

"There's one party, one argument in this country that talks about cutting regulations and in the same breath saying we should protect people with disabilities," Sigworth contended. "It's using the disabled community as a token audience."

Though Trump disavowed Project 2025, some disability rights advocates remain uncertain since he repeatedly tried to repeal the Affordable Care Act. Project 2025 also calls for federal spending cuts to programs like the Equity in IDEA program, which encompasses all policies ensuring fair treatment and access for students with disabilities.


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New York disability rights advocates are voicing concerns about changes to what's known as the Consumer Directed Personal Assistance Program.

On October 1, New York State will contract with a single provider for the program.

CDPAP provides services for people who are chronically ill or have physical limitations and who need help with daily life. Gov. Kathy Hochul says the reason for the change is to cut high Medicaid costs.

But Sharon McLennon-Wier, Ph.D - executive director of the Center for Independence of the Disabled New York - predicted the move will have resounding impacts.

"Anyone with a disability that has this program could lose their home healthcare assistance - either from maybe neighbors or friends, or even family members," said McLennon-Wier, "and we already know that there's a home health-aide shortage all over the country."

Gov. Hochul noted the program has been subject to mismanagement, but critics say she didn't consult its leaders.

Several agencies supporting the idea of keeping CDPAP local have been cited by the New York State Comptroller for wage theft. But the provider set to take it over isn't much better.

Public Partnerships LLC had contracts terminated in five other states, and was subject to class-action lawsuits over home-care workers' pay in Pennsylvania.

Feedback from New Yorkers with disabilities has mostly been questions about CDPAP's future.

McLennon-Wier said she is among those waiting to see what happens next - as she said they've received little guidance from the governor's office.

She added that it can be frightening to possibly lose much-needed care.

"I think anyone who has to depend on someone for that day-to-day care," said McLennon-Wier, "to have to worry - especially if they live alone - is really something that, mentally, that a person in this situation shouldn't have to deal with."

A bill has been introduced in the New York State Legislature to curb these changes. If it passes, it would require any CDPAP provider to be licensed by the State Department of Health starting in 2026.

Currently, providers can operate without formal licensure.