MADISON, Wis. - Many of us may not have heard of stem-cell tourism, but according to University of Wisconsin-Madison law and bioethics professor Alta Charro, a nationally recognized authority on the ethics of stem cell research, it is a new scam that preys on desperate patients via the Internet.

She said that, while there are many reputable health care providers who use adult stem cells for treating conditions such as certain cancers, and others participating in legitimate clinical trials, there is a growing number of clinics advertising "therapies" based on a wide range or as-yet-unproven uses for stem cells.

"You are a parent with a child with a serious illness," Charro suggested. "Chances are you're finding out about everything out there that's possible. Many people who are desperate will go to places like China, Russia, Mexico, Ukraine, looking for clinics that advertise that they have therapies, even though by our standards those things have not been proven."

Charro said the evidence for therapeutic use of stem cells is very limited, and the treatments being advertised by these clinics are mostly ineffective and sometimes harmful. She said the Federal Trade Commission has the authority to shut down false or misleading ads in the U.S., but so far doesn't have enough complaints to do it.

"It would be very helpful if consumers around the country were to write to the FTC and say, 'You know, I think this is terrible. My sister-in-law was fooled and almost spent her entire fortune going to China for pointless therapy. Why is it that that can be advertised on our Internet here?'"

According to Charro, it's not clear how much harm these unregulated treatments cause to medical tourists because there's no comprehensive follow-up data. She said there are probably more people injured than anybody would imagine.

The National Institutes of Health keeps track of stem cell research being done in accordance with regulatory oversigh rules, and you can find that list at ClinicalTrial.gov.

Prof. Charro declared that unfortunately the phrase "stem cells" has become magic words.

"Well, I think that the whole field of stem-cell research became a victim of its own success," she said. "We did get the funding stream guaranteed, at least under the current administration, but at the same time the public may very well have come to be confused about the current state of the research."

She said new areas of science get the reputation of offering magical cures. Today it's stem cells and nanotechnology, and she said it's time to lose the hype without losing the hope.



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Air travelers could face fewer obstacles in securing a refund if their flight is canceled or changed under new federal rules announced Wednesday.

The moves are being praised by watchdog groups. The Department of Transportation said airlines are now required to promptly provide passengers with automatic cash refunds when they are owed one.

Teresa Murray, consumer watchdog director for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, said some carriers have not adhered to standards, leaving passengers in a bind.

"They would drag their feet, and they would say, 'Well, you bought your ticket from a ticket agent, so we don't know where your money is. Or, here, have a voucher,'" Murray explained.

Amid higher complaint volumes, companies will be forced to act quickly. The new rules, which are being phased in, provide clearer definitions for travel disruptions, including delays of at least three hours on a domestic flight and six hours on international flights. A key industry group responded to the announcement by touting transparency efforts among carriers.

Murray acknowledged most people are not frequent flyers, and it is hard for them to keep up on all the least practices and policies among airlines.

"The average person only flies once every 18 months," Murray pointed out. "This will just bring transparency to that process and it kind of evens the playing field."

Murray added it could come in handy for Midwestern customers when a winter storm wreaks havoc on air travel. The new rules also require refunds for baggage fees when a piece of luggage is delayed by 12 hours or more for domestic flights. And there must be upfront disclosure on fees for first and second checked bags and carry-on bags.


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Wisconsin lawmakers recently debated reforms for payday loans. Efforts to protect consumers come amid new research about financial pain associated with cash advances offered through smartphone apps. The Center for Responsible Lending is out with findings that detail how "earned wage advances" from digital platforms come with extra costs disguised as things like tips. Traditional payday lenders are often criticized for charging excessive interest rates on loans that are usually around $500.

Lucia Constantine, a researcher with the Center for Responsible Lending, said customers are usually seeking smaller amounts from the apps, but she warns they can be just as costly.

"They are trapping consumers in a cycle of borrowing that is similar to that of a payday loan, " she said.

The report said after using these financial products, customers are seeing overdrafts on their checking accounts increase by 56% on average. Industry leaders deny they're barraging consumers with hidden fees, stressing that features such as suggested tips are optional. More broadly, a bipartisan payday loan reform bill in the Wisconsin Legislature failed to advance this month.

Constantine said like longstanding payday lenders, these cash advance apps can be hard to regulate. Meanwhile, she urged those in a bind to explore other options.

"[They should] try talking to their friends and family as a first source. The other option which I would recommend is reaching out to their credit union or banking institution to see if they can get some sort of small-dollar loan," she said.

She noted places such as credit unions typically provide more transparency on loan costs. According to the report, three-quarters of consumers took out at least one advance on the same day or day after a re-payment was posted.


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Food prices remain high, in Montana and across the country.

A new report by the Federal Trade Commission says the country's largest grocery companies are gouging consumers, by keeping prices artificially high.

Many grocers, retailers and wholesalers have consolidated to cut costs. Grocers continue to blame supply chain problems, even though regulators have said most of those issues have been resolved.

President of the advocacy group Farm Action, Angela Huffman, said retailers were doing more than making up for lost revenue during the pandemic-era supply chain disruptions - and the FTC report says they continue to do so.

"In 2021, the retailer revenues, they rose to more than 6% higher than their total costs, and that those profits are still going up," said Huffman. "So, in the first nine months of 2023, the profits increased to 7%."

At nearly 6.5%, Montana had the nation's ninth-highest grocery price increase in 2023.

The FTC data show Amazon, Kroger and WalMart each gained market share during and after the pandemic - while profits continued to rise.

Other large retailers and wholesalers have consolidated, which they say gives them more buying power and the ability to pass those savings on to customers.

Huffman said that isn't what's happening, and calls on regulators to fine the grocers, or more.

"This would be kind of the farthest extent of what they could do, but go so far as breaking them up," said Huffman. "In years past, they broke up the telephone companies and the railroads and, you know, that would be the ideal outcome for us, is to take away their excessive power."

Huffman also points to a 150% increase in egg prices in 2023, which producers blamed on the avian flu. The FTC says the disease did not justify the drastic price hike.