SACRAMENTO, Calif - A new report says hydraulic fracturing can contaminate groundwater when the excess water is not properly disposed of, but is not linked to earthquakes in California.

In January, a study by the Seismological Society of America linked a series of earthquakes in Ohio to fracking, and there have been similar claims in other states as well.

The new study released Thursday comes from the California Council on Science and Technology and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Jane Long, the lead scientific researcher, says hydraulic fracturing poses some safety concerns but they're manageable.

"A lot of things people were concerned about are things that are not as big a problem as they think they are," says Long. "And some of the practices are things that need to change and need more attention."

The report says the oil companies should phase out percolation ponds used to dispose of excess water because toxic fracking chemicals can get into the aquifer. And it recommends companies put aside about a third of the chemicals currently in use because there's not enough data about them.

The Center for Biological Diversity points to the finding that oil operations can pollute the air in their immediate vicinity. Long is optimistic that the report will spur further reforms.

"Some of them are going to be recommendations that will be very easy to act on right away and I think they will be acted on and some of them are going to require some process," she says.

The report was required by the 2013 passage of State Senate Bill 4, which established new safety measures for fracking, rules that went into effect on July 1.



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Virginia environmental advocates are looking for protections of old-growth forests.

In 2022, President Joe Biden issued an executive order to have old-growth forests across the country inventoried.

A U.S. Forest Service report finds the agency is responsible for more than 24 million acres of old-growth forests. This amounts to only 4% of forests in the U.S. However, around 76% of these lands are unprotected from logging operations.

Sam Evans, national forest and parks program leader for the Southern Environmental Law Center, said the U.S. Forest Service needs to consider which forests should be cut, and which should not.

"The responsibility there is for the Forest Service to figure out what's the healthiest mature forest, what mature forest is on the best track to restore that, and sort of leaving it alone," Evans contended. "Letting it age into 'old' condition. Perhaps there are other mature forests that aren't in good condition, and maybe we can focus on those for timber cutting."

Environmental groups are reluctant to see the trees cut down, since they help stave off climate change. Studies find old-growth forests can store between 41% and 84% of the total carbon stock of all trees. Losing the trees represents a carbon equivalent to one-quarter of the country's annual fossil-fuel emissions.

While forests are being planted in place of any old-growth forests made into timber, Evans noted younger, even-aged forests do not carry all the benefits of an old-growth forest.

"They really don't have a lot of diversity," Evans pointed out. "They're just a lot of trees of the same age, and a lot of shade on the ground. Those forests, those post-logging forests, don't have a huge biodiversity benefit."

He added seeing it come to fruition will require cultural changes on the U.S. Forest Service's part. Earlier this year, the agency held a comment period when more than 92,000 people spoke about different elements to consider in developing a rule regarding climate policies to protect, conserve, and manage the national forests.

The unprecedented attempt to build a wall along the U.S. Mexico border has had devastating effects on wildlife from which they may not recover, according to a New Mexico wildlife expert.

The Trump administration spent an estimated $15 billion constructing more than 400 miles of wall, much of which replaced smaller existing barriers.

Bryan Bird, Southwest program director for Defenders of Wildlife, said construction fragmented wildlife habitats and cut off species' migration routes. Because geography and private land ownership in Texas and Arizona slowed the effort, Bird pointed out much of what was only "vehicle barrier" in New Mexico is now permanent.

"Unfortunately, New Mexico ended up getting the brunt of the border wall construction," Bird explained. "In fact, other than the Bootheel, most of the border between Mexico and New Mexico is walled now."

A recent report by the Government Accountability Office, a nonpartisan government watchdog, showed wall construction desecrated Indigenous cultural sites, hurt wildlife and destroyed vegetation.

Bird pointed out webcam feeds now are documenting how much more difficult the wall has made it for wildlife to cross the international border, where many species already were imperiled.

"The ocelot, the Mexican gray wolf, the jaguar, the cactus ferruginous pygmy owl," Bird outlined. "All of these species are on the verge of extinction, and this border wall may have been the nail in the coffin."

Multiple erosion and flooding hazards were created by construction of the wall, which he said is already showing signs of deterioration.

"Not only was it incredibly, historically expensive and a burden on taxpayers to build it, but now you've got to maintain it," Bird noted. "And if you do not spend a lot of money maintaining it, it's going to fall down."

The Biden administration has been criticized for flood gates being left open along the border wall, which allowed some illegal immigrants to enter. But the U.S. Border Patrol took responsibility, noting the gates have always been opened during monsoon season to prevent flooding and keep the wall from falling over.

They're calling it an "adventure conservation documentary," and the film has its first showing tonight in Traverse City.

"Troubled Water" chronicles a 36-day, 425-mile journey on standup paddleboards along the Great Lakes. One focus is the Enbridge Line 5 pipeline, which moves crude oil from Canada to Michigan beneath the Straits of Mackinac.

The film's producer, Chris Yahanda, called the film a "love letter to the region," but said it's also a reminder of what could be lost in case of a spill or accident with Line 5.

"It's not only an interesting and awesome, intense outdoor adventure, but it's a story of some amazing people that have dedicated their lives to protecting the places we thought we'd explore," he said, "and celebrating them and learning about the threats that face the Great Lakes and how people can help; and just trying to be more informed and how we can help protect all these waters that we love so much."

Tonight's premiere is at the Traverse City Opera House, opening with a community reception at 6:30 p.m., and the film starts at 7:30 p.m. Tickets can be purchased there or in advance at CityOperaHouse.org.

The advocacy group Oil and Water Don't Mix hopes for a packed house to enjoy the show. Sean McBrearty, the group's media campaign coordinator, said it's part of a larger effort to bring public awareness to the environmental risks associated with Line 5.

"Everybody who wants to get involved - who cares about the Great Lakes and wants to protect them, and make sure we don't have a crucial oil spill - has a role to play, whether it's something large or something small," he said. "And I'm very grateful for the role Chris and William and their crew have played in all this."

Earlier this year, representatives of 51 Tribes and First Nations asked that the United Nations intervene and force Canada to end its support for Line 5, over concerns that a spill could pollute the Great Lakes.