OLYMPIA, Wash. -- Washington state lawmakers are in the beginning stages of developing regulations for self-driving cars, but they're already being asked to keep people with disabilities in mind.

A research paper commissioned by the Ruderman Family Foundation and Securing America's Future Energy explored the ways autonomous cars could improve the lives of people with disabilities, including through employment opportunities and health care.

Nearly 6 million people with disabilities have difficulty finding transportation, and Jay Ruderman, president of the Ruderman Family Foundation, says this population needs to be part of the discussion.

"What we're trying to say to these companies is, like, 'Hey, the technology is there, and you're going to continue to refine it and develop it and make it better,” says Ruderman. "As you do that, consider people with disabilities because they can really not only benefit but society can benefit. They are the largest, untapped resource that we have in our country.'"

Ruderman adds that as many as 70 percent of people with disabilities in the U.S. are unemployed.

Self-driving cars aren't yet a reality for consumers, although many car manufacturers and technology companies are investing in them. Google currently is testing a self-driving car in Kirkland, Washington.

The study showed autonomous cars could not only improve accessibility to employment opportunities but save on health care costs, too. The analysis found more than 11 million medical appointments are missed every year because of inadequate transportation.

That amounts to about $19 billion in wasted healthcare costs because an individual with a disability did not have access to non-emergency transportation. Kristina Kopic contributed to the study, she says people who live in rural areas could benefit most.

"We think that especially in rural areas that don't already have access to public transportation, self-driving technologies would be a boon because you would really be allowing people curb-to-curb transportation."

Even para-transit, a product of the American Disabilities Act, can be exclusionary because it doesn't provide family members without disabilities to travel together, she adds, self-driving cars could become an inclusive form of transportation with enough consideration from manufacturers and government.


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A proposed measure in Illinois aims to improve access to the ballot for visually impaired voters.

Senate Bill 282, introduced by Sen. Julie Morrison, D-Lake Forest, would permit people who are considered blind or have low vision, or those with learning and physical disabilities equating to a "print disability," to vote electronically by mail.

Paula Balistreri, operations manager at the Central Illinois Center for the Blind and Visually Impaired, said there are challenges with the current process.

"Typically they will have a sighted person with them who will read it out loud and mark it for them," Balistreri explained. "It's tricky because not everyone has someone they want to share that with. To vote in person presents another whole list of challenges, not the least of which is how do they get there?"

Supporters believe the bill will allow people with visual impairments to mark their ballot confidentially, without the assistance of other people. However, there are some concerns the new provision will cause confusion, as federal law already mandates at least one touch screen and audio voting booth be at all polling locations for federal elections. There is also concern about security associated with electronic voting.

Opponents say the bill is unnecessary since currently at least one accessible voting machine is required at every polling location.

Aaron Ammons, Champaign County Clerk, added there are even better options, including the Express Vote machine used in his county for people with visual impairments.

"It will read the ballot to them and they can make choices on a pad," Ammons pointed out. "It certainly has Braille, and for those who are having low vision, we also have the ability to enhance the font as well as use different contrast."

People worried about electronic voting security are pushing back. A state board task force has regular meetings planned to get closer to a model. As of January this year, 31 states allow certain voters, including those with disabilities, to return absentee or mail-in ballots electronically.


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A man in Adel who is part of Iowa's community of people with disabilities has been successful in having an electronic door installed at the U.S. Post Office in town.

Robert Fisher, who uses a motorized wheelchair to get around, has been able to get pretty much anywhere he wanted to go until he got to his local post office. Until now, the Adel post office has not had a wheelchair friendly door.

Fisher, who has been forced to call the post office ahead of his arrival so someone could let him in, has finally succeeded after a monthslong battle in having an electronic, accessible button installed.

"I feel happy," Fisher said. "It feels rewarding. And other people can use, that too."

Prior to the installation of the button, Fisher had to prop the door open with his hands and feet while maneuvering his wheelchair inside, which he said felt demeaning. Fisher, who said, "my work is never done," is hoping to expand his efforts to other places in Iowa which are not as accessible to people with disabilities as they should be.

Brooke Lovelace, executive director of the Iowa Council on Developmental Disabilities, calls Fisher's success a step in the right direction and a significant accomplishment at the local level, but added Adel's post office door should start not only a statewide trend to increase accessibility in Iowa, but also serve as an opportunity for officials to reexamine the current Americans with Disabilities Act.

"To make it more modernized with what the standards are today, to truly be accessible," Lovelace urged. "It is 30 years old, and so let's open the ADA back up and see how we can update it to make it, so it meets everybody's needs."

While the Americans with Disabilities Act was signed by President George H.W. Bush in 1990, its roots actually date to the early 1970s, when the federal government started to define what discrimination meant in the context of being a disabled person.

With key deadlines approaching at the Iowa statehouse, advocates are calling on lawmakers to provide better wages for direct service professionals, the health care workers who support people with disabilities in the community.

At an average of about $14 an hour, the pay is poor and the work notoriously challenging, which makes it hard for providers to attract and retain workers in the field.

Mona Kenyon, CEO of Iowa City-based Systems Unlimited, a health care provider, they are 98% Medicaid funded, so companies like hers are calling on the state for higher reimbursement rates.

"People have other opportunities," Kenyon acknowledged. "We don't get the applications. We don't keep staff. It's a constant revolving door. So we're pushing to draw awareness and to say this is a real problem. "

Currently, 96% of provider agencies in Iowa have vacancies for direct service professionals.

Kenyon pointed out companies like hers often compete for workers with fast food restaurants because of the low pay, but noted the work providers do is valuable for people with disabilities and helps them stay in their homes.

"It can range depending on the needs," Kenyon explained. "People need assistance with personal care, with bathing, getting ready for their day, getting ready to go to work. Other people need help with grocery shopping, balancing their checkbook. So, it really does range, but without the direct support professionals, services cannot be provided."

To attract and retain more direct service professionals, Iowa's lawmakers are considering House File 264, which would eliminate the state income tax for in-home health care providers, saving them up to $1,300 a year.


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