DES MOINES, Iowa – On this World Water Day, Iowans are being asked to step up conservation to help people, not only in the U.S. but around the world. According to the United Nations, more than 663 million people live without a safe water supply close to home.
Although it isn't at crisis level in most states, lead-poisoned drinking water in Flint, Mich., has elevated concerns.
It's also an issue that Dan Haseltine with the band Jars of Clay holds close to his heart. During a trip to Africa to visit areas devastated by the AIDS crisis, he says the band was shocked to see people digging for water in dry riverbeds.
"And it didn't take long to kind of put some of the pieces together that if people are wrestling with this disease that destroys the immune system, and then they're having to drink water that is filled with bacteria and disease, it was the water ultimately that was killing people," he said.
Haseltine helped start "Blood:Water," which partners with African grassroots organizations to fight HIV/AIDS and the water crises. The group also encourages people to have some fun with conservation efforts.
One suggestion is a "water challenge," which could mean drinking only water for a number of days - or even going without it for an entire day.
Daniella Bostrom Couffe, communications manager for UN-Water, which coordinates water-related issues for the United Nations, says the small ways people save water throughout the day can make a difference.
"In your home, you can do just simple things as turning off the tap when you brush your teeth, or you can stop putting oil or leftovers in the plug hole [drain] so that the wastewater becomes easier to treat and then to reuse," she said.
Haseltine believes getting involved in the effort to bring clean water to those in need can also be an important break - a good way to focus on something other than the political strife in America.
"We just need a breath," he added. "We need somebody to tell us a better story that we can connect with, something that just means a little bit more."
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Volunteer water monitoring is gaining popularity in West Virginia, and could help assess the impact on regional water quality of projects like the Mountain Valley Pipeline.
Jenna Dodson, West Virginia Rivers Coalition staff scientist, said a training session being held near Talcott on October 21st can help residents identify erosion and sedimentation changes from pipeline development. She pointed out the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection does not have the bandwidth to regularly collect data for the state's more than 33,000 miles of rivers and streams, but community water monitoring can fill in gaps.
"The data collected from community monitoring complements the data collected from state agencies to give a more complete picture of river and stream health," she explained.
Over the summer the EPA identified more than 300 additional streams missed in the state's latest list of impaired waterways, and is accepting public comments on the inclusion of the streams until October 18th.
Dodson noted water quality data is used in various types of permitting processes for both industrial and municipal discharge.
"For example, a housing development or industry coming in to see if and how those changes are affecting long term water quality trends," she continued.
She added when community members monitor the same site frequently, they become very familiar with what the typical conditions are, including pH, dissolved oxygen, and presence of bacteria. They are usually the first ones to sound the alarm on environmental and public health issues from a chemical spill or other source of pollution, she said.
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Michigan water rates have surged more than 40% since 2010, and it is a trend that's expected to continue as cities and utilities work to upgrade aging systems.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said people shouldn't be paying more than 4.5% of their monthly income for water and sewer services.
Monica Lewis-Patrick, co-founder, president and CEO of We the People of Detroit, said water rates can run as high as 25% of some households' income.
"When a person is spending that much just to access water, then we know some other things are being challenged," Lewis-Patrick explained. "In terms of their access to food, being able to pay their rent, clothing, medical needs, those kinds of things."
Gov. Gretchen Whitmer signed a bill to invest nearly $280 million for water infrastructure projects, but Lewis-Patrick argued there is a lot more to be done.
If water rates rise at projected amounts in the next five years, the percentage of U.S. households finding their water bills unaffordable could triple, from almost 12% now, to more than 35%.
A 2021 report in the Journal of Public Health estimated 100,000 Detroit households had been disconnected from water and sanitation services since 2013.
Lewis-Patrick suggested people contact their state lawmakers to ask them to make water affordability a priority, and legislate lower-income households have water bills capped at no more than 3% of their income. She added families should also be protected from water shut-offs while they are going through the process to attain protections.
"We need our legislators and our governor to work in tandem," Lewis-Patrick stressed. "To make sure that we're not only ensuring that resources are going to the utilities, but we're ensuring there's a legislative protection that keeps water on for as many Michiganders as possible."
Last month, after years of public campaigns and $45 million in federal aid, the EPA confirmed Benton Harbor complies with safe water requirements. Almost all the system's pipes were replaced, but residents were told in the next five years, water bills will grow 10% annually.
It is estimated around 200 communities across Michigan are overburdened with the cost of their water infrastructure.
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With kids in South Dakota and around the nation back in school, the issue of whether all students and staff have access to safe drinking water remains a focal point of education and environmental groups. They want federal officials to update a key rule.
Organizations such as the National Parent Teacher Association and National Education Association have sent the Environmental Protection Agency a letter - asking it to bolster the Lead and Copper Rule, which regulates the levels of these contaminants in public drinking water.
Environment America signed on to the letter too, and the group's Clean Water Director John Rumpler said despite more awareness about the dangers, students and teachers still are at risk.
"What the data shows us, from the last few years," said Rumpler, "is that lead contamination of schools' drinking water is in fact, widespread."
Recent findings from his group show that more than 70% of schools in several states have confirmed instances of lead contamination.
The Biden administration is carrying out funding initiatives approved by Congress to remove lead pipes. That includes $426,000 to address the matter in South Dakota schools.
But Rumpler said updating the federal rule would compel more states, school boards and utilities to respond.
The agency is expected to consider the matter this fall, and advocates say they want the EPA to be aggressive.
Despite an overhaul of the Lead and Copper Rule in 2021, Rumpler still described it as "weak" in protecting kids. He added that this is not just a concern regarding schools that were built decades ago.
"The federal standards limiting the amount of lead in plumbing and faucets and fountains was only updated as recently as 2014," said Rumpler, "which means it's quite likely that school buildings that are only a decade old have a substantial threat of lead contamination."
The coalition says those materials should be replaced. Meanwhile, it says only schools that provide their own water are regulated under the federal rule.
For these buildings, the letter calls on the EPA to require filters to remove lead and set a one-part-per-billion limit on lead in water. They say those changes would also help guide school districts that use public water systems.
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