A significant portion of Minnesota housing was built before 1980, and these homes just endured a long and cold winter. That's renewed calls for the state to use as many weatherization resources as possible.

These programs are aligned with energy-assistance funding for low-income households. Upgrades range from reducing air leakage to furnace repairs. Proposed legislation would allow Minnesota to cover matching federal weatherization funds, and there's pre-weatherization funding to help homes correct issues before the upgrades can move forward.

Mari Ojeda, senior policy associate for energy access and equity with the group Fresh Energy, said crews encounter that too often.

"Mold, asbestos - things like that, that really are problematic for coming into someone's house," she said, "and have to defer the services because they need to address the health and safety issues first."

That means many eligible households are left waiting to reduce their energy burden. It's a particular problem in several rural Minnesota counties, where at least 80% of the housing stock is more than 40 years old.

At the State Capitol, House lawmakers are pushing to expand weatherization funding but the House and Senate remain far apart on larger energy spending bills.

Jon Fabre, supervisor of marketing programs for Otter Tail Power, said his company is a big believer in weatherization, and that these programs have evolved into a more scientific approach. With higher gas-heating costs, he said, it's another way to prevent customers from falling behind on their monthly payments.

"Utilities do well when our customers do well," he said. "We recognize that, and we feel it's just the right thing to do. We're in the business of selling energy, and we want our customers to use that energy as economically as possible to their advantage."

Ojeda said it's important to remember weatherization also can help reduce energy burdens for marginalized residents living in multi-family rental units.

"The energy burden, which is a percentage of one's income that they are spending on energy bills, is four times higher for low-income customers than for the average statewide household," she said.

Traveling between New York and Washington D.C. takes three hours on Amtrak's Acela, but an upcoming high speed rail concept could reduce the trip to an hour.

Northeast Maglev is a conceptual high speed rail line using magnetic levitation technology, which has less air resistance than typical trains. Bringing high speed rail to the U.S. has been a goal since the mid-1960s, but hasn't come to fruition yet.

Ian Rainey, senior vice president of Northeast Maglev, shed some light on how it happened.

"At the time where a lot of countries were investing in high-speed rail, we were investing in building out our highway system," Rainey explained. "There's kind of been this historic and cultural preference for auto as a mode of travel."

The first phase of the project is to be a short section of the line between Baltimore and Washington, D.C, predominantly underground. Rainey pointed out the project will cost upwards of $10 billion, some from federal maglev deployment grants. He added other funds will come from the government of Japan, which has implemented high speed rail on their own national railway system.

Though the project is in the environmental planning stage, Rainey hopes the system will be up and running in the coming decade. Maglev is an entirely different technology, where the trains run on a guide instead of standard rails. He emphasized educating people has presented a challenge, given people's limited vision of how this can revolutionize rail travel.

"Americans, in general, have a very limited exposure to high speed rail," Rainey acknowledged. "We have the Acela, but it's quite different, just in terms of the speeds it can achieve, compared to any European and Asian high speed rail system. So I think that a lot of people in the United States don't fully appreciate the transformational potential."

Winding curves and competing freight and commuter traffic have made high speed rail hard to fully implement in the Northeast Corridor. But Rainey said eventually travelers will see the payoff in a fast glide from New York to Washington D.C.

Support for this reporting was provided by The Carnegie Corporation of New York.

Numerous community advocates are calling on the Metropolitan Transportation Authority to build a long-proposed subway station at 10th Avenue and 41st Street.

Construction of the station is being reconsidered as part of the MTA's 20-year needs assessment. Since the station was originally proposed, the community has grown significantly with the 2020 New York City census data showing an additional 13,640 residents living in the area.

Danny Pearlstein, policy and communications director with the Rider's Alliance, said this project will face stiff competition from other priorities in MTA's future plan.

"The MTA has a lot of different priorities and a lot of funding priorities and not enough money to go around," said Pearlstein. "So, this project will be in some kind of competition with other potential uses of funds in the next capital program. The Interborough Express is something the governor is already committed to, and that's going to be a major project."

Other proposed projects include West Side Access, which would bring Metro North's Hudson Line to Penn Station. Pearlstein said he feels if the station was built during the extension's original construction, it would be more cost efficient.

Construction could interrupt 7 train service to Hudson Yards as well as street traffic, similar to when construction occurred on the Second Avenue Subway's first phase.

The station's necessity could be called into question, though, since Hell's Kitchen isn't a transit desert.

For the most part, residents have easy access to the 42nd Street stations in Times Square and at Port Authority, which provide access to 11 subway lines. This doesn't include the seven additional lines that are easily accessible via the 42nd Street shuttle.

Pearlstein said he feels the true need for this station comes down to how the subway is a heavily utilized means of transportation for Hell's Kitchen residents.

"Folks in this community are particularly transit dependent," said Pearlstein. "There are probably many fewer people, many fewer households that have cars in the sort of Hell's Kitchen area than, for example, in Flatlands, in Brooklyn, which is a heavily car-dependent area where some people take buses but many more households have cars, garages, have driveways. The car infrastructure is built out."

Flatlands would be one of several communities to be served by the new Interborough Express.

He said he feels getting people out of cars is a necessity as well, but says the competition between projects shouldn't exist. Instead, he said there should be enough money for all projects without it being an "either-or" decision.

President Joe Biden's bipartisan infrastructure law will disburse up to $239 million to help Georgia improve the resilience of transportation infrastructure. Environmental groups are urging state leaders to focus on rural communities, beyond Atlanta.

Severe weather events in recent years, such as flooding in the southeastern part of the state and Hurricane Zeta, are evidence enough that infrastructure funding should include climate preparedness, said Marsha Gosier, a Georgia organizer for the EDF Action Fund, part of the Environmental Defense Fund. She said she's most concerned about rural and coastal areas.

"Our submerging lowlands throughout Georgia, the coastal flooding that could occur in particular areas like Hudson Hill and Savannah, Georgia," she said, "money should definitely be placed for that in preparation, making sure that those communities are prepared."

Before the federal dollars were released, Republicans bristled over restrictions. They wanted more flexibility for using the funding, instead of the Biden administration's focus on improving existing infrastructure over creating new.

The Atlanta Regional Commission is set to host the Connect ATL summit on Aug. 23 at the Georgia Tech Hotel and Conference Center. The topic will be making the city's transportation network smarter, better connected and electric.

Gosier said she'd like to see the kind of focus happening in Atlanta in more rural areas, and is calling on state leaders to support local towns and counties to be just as innovative. But, she quipped, many rural Georgians also need the basics - such as clean running water - as well as electric-vehicle charging stations.

"When we think about lead pipes needing to be replaced in communities, it's not just impacting Flint, Michigan," she said. "This is something that is an issue all throughout the state of Georgia, and especially in rural areas."

The new PROTECT Formula program funding - short for Promoting Resilient Operations for Transformative, Efficient, and Cost-Saving Transportation - is available to states over five years. The Atlanta Regional Commission plans to use its $45 million to pay for electric buses and charging stations, upgrades to transit infrastructure in Cobb and Clayton counties, and road improvements.