The so-called "great resignation" isn't playing out for all workers. A new survey covering North Dakota and Minnesota shows people on the lower end of the income scale face obstacles in jumping to other job opportunities.

The Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank, along with Community Action agencies in both states, heard from more than 200 individuals, mainly working in social services, education and health care. Most expressed a desire to move up the career ladder, but said they lack the resources to learn new skills, or that expenses such as child care get in the way.

Erick Garcia Luna, regional outreach director at the Minneapolis Fed, said it becomes more pronounced for people earning very little in their current job.

"If a family is making minimum wage," he said, "they're going to have a harder time taking the time, for example, to get trained for another job."

Nearly 60% of respondents making between $10,000 and $25,000 dollars a year said it's either "somewhat or very difficult" to make an occupational change. Community Action Partnership of North Dakota said the survey also revealed these individuals are finding it harder to meet basic needs amid rising inflation, but also can't afford to pursue a better-paying job.

Ashley Littlewolf, workforce development case manager lead at the Southeastern North Dakota Community Action Agency, said she sees a lot of overlap with these barriers.

"They're feeding each other, the barriers are increasing each other," she said. "That need for new skills, and then finding the day care - and also, the jobs not paying enough."

While some employers are offering better pay, Littlewolf said the findings should prompt more action to boost starting wages. She said expanding the hiring pool can help, too.

"Taking a chance on someone who may not have that experience," she said, "but offering on-site training, offering the opportunity for them to enter that career path without the experience or education."

A new report urges Pennsylvania's governor-elect to revamp the state's unemployment compensation system as soon as he takes office in January.

The Keystone Research Center report said Pennsylvania's online unemployment system fails the people who need it, by not processing claims in a timely manner. It found only 56% of claimants receive their first payment within 10 weeks.

Stephen Herzenberg, executive director of the Keystone Research Center and the report's co-author, said prior to the pandemic, the online unemployment system was compromised by IT issues and staff cutbacks, so it was overwhelmed when the pandemic hit. He said the backlog of claims peaked at over 300,000, which delayed or denied benefits to many.

"The new governor needs to understand, and not duck, the broken system," Herzenberg asserted. "It's quite likely that in the next four years, we'll go into another recession, so this needs to be an urgent priority. And we also need to modernize the system, because it was built for the 1930s economy."

The report suggests several recommendations for Gov.-Elect Josh Shapiro, from appointing a special team to review the system, to restoring in-person unemployment service centers. In the meantime, the most recent figures show Pennsylvania's unemployment rate is 4%, and more than 250,000 people are receiving unemployment benefits.

Herzenberg added unemployment insurance benefits are used to put money in people's pockets to help them with their everyday needs, and to help lift the economy out of a downturn. But he noted unemployed workers are unable to pay their bills when they have to wait many weeks for their first unemployment compensation payments.

"Undoubtedly puts a lot more families at risk of bankruptcy, at risk of eviction, at risk of paying additional economic, and social and emotional, costs because of their unemployment," Herzenberg stressed.

He pointed out the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry has received federal grant money to provide in-person service across the state to people who are unemployed to sign up with CareerLink, which provides resources to help them find new jobs.

Barring an agreement, 15,000 Minnesota nurses will go on strike next week. It would be the second walkout in recent months in a labor dispute that goes beyond standard negotiating matters.

The Minnesota Nurses Association says it continues to fight for hospital environments that won't push its members away, while again accusing administrators of prioritizing profits over patient care.

Megan Dayton is the president of the Minnesota Association of Professional Employees. Her union isn't part of the talks, but said its members stand in solidarity with the nurses.

"We've been around since the '80s, and the only time that we ever were on strike as a union was over healthcare," said Dayton. "And that's the setting that these members are in. So, we know how important that this healthcare setting is for Minnesota families. And the hospitals need to take better care of the nurses, who end up caring for all us when we can't care for ourselves."

With COVID-19 and seasonal viruses landing more patients in hospitals right now, allies say there's no better time to address such issues as burnout.

One of the regional providers involved in the dispute, Allina Health, issued a statement saying the nurses' union continues to "focus on disruption at the expense of spending meaningful time at the bargaining table."

Vicki Good - past president of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses - said these calls have been building for several years, with the pandemic pushing the issue into the limelight.

"Nurses are really crying out for flexible work schedules," said Good. "They need support with the stress-injury continuum that really addresses burnout and moral distress, and compassion fatigue."

Good added that there's been some momentum in the U.S. - including from hospital administrators - to create better work environments, but she stresses it won't happen overnight and labor tensions will still surface.

In Minnesota, Dayton said local administrators need to remember the region's strong reputation for healthcare, and who's involved in making it happen.

"People come from all over the country, all over the world, to Minnesota for the healthcare that we have here," said Dayton. "And that is those nurses - they are the frontlines of healthcare."

Orange County Convention Center food-service workers have authorized a strike, and the window for that action opens today.

Members of Unite Here Local 737 voted on November 21 to authorize a strike any time after their contract with the French food service provider Sodexo expired on Wednesday.

The vote in favor of the strike authorization was 235 to zero, and Local 737 President Jeremy Haicken said the issues are clear.

"Sodexo workers need a raise," said Haicken. "That's been our clear message. We need a raise in what people make on the job, and we need a raise in what people get in their retirement. We have full-time workers earning as little as $13.60 an hour and we have people who have no retirement plan."

In a statement, Sodexo says they will "continue to engage in good faith during ongoing CBA negotiations, in a sincere attempt to reach a fair and competitive set of long-term agreements in a timely manner."

Contract negotiations are scheduled to resume on December 13.

According to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology cost of living calculator, the living wage in Orlando is now more than $18 per hour.

In turn, Haicken said Unite Here is seeking a minimum wage of $18 per hour - along with improved retirement benefits.

"We're proposing a company-funded traditional pension plan," said Haicken. "Right now the workers have a 401(k). Very few people have enough cash on a weekly basis to put into a 401(k)."

In addition to Orlando, Sodexo is currently in contract negotiations with Unite Here workers at convention centers in Las Vegas, New Orleans, Sacramento and Detroit.