COLUMBUS, Ohio -- An Ohio mom whose daughter was killed in an accident caused by a marijuana-impaired driver is making it her mission to spare other families from a similar tragedy.
Corinne Gasper's 22-year-old daughter Jennifer was driving to work in 2012 in the early hours of the morning, when her car was T-boned by another vehicle that ran a red light. Jennifer died at the scene.
Gasper, director of development for Parents Opposed to Pot, who lives in Delaware County, said the driver was high on medical marijuana he had purchased from Michigan where it was legal.
"Marijuana is an hallucinogenic and medical marijuana is no different than marijuana," Gasper asserted. "There's no difference whatsoever. It gets you feeling the same way. There's no precautions written on the label saying don't drive, don't use heavy machinery."
Ohio legalized medical marijuana in 2016, and Gasper explained the drug can affect a person's ability to make decisions and react quickly, and affects their physical coordination.
The Ohio State Highway Patrol is still compiling its final data for 2020, but through Nov. 19 there were more than 1,300 marijuana-involved traffic crashes, a 1.2% increase from all of 2019.
Medical marijuana can reduce chronic pain and minimize the side effects of cancer treatments. In Ohio, it can be recommended for certain conditions by a physician, who must hold a Certificate to Recommend from the State Medical Board of Ohio.
Gasper is concerned recreational use will become legal.
"We look at medical marijuana like the Trojan horse," Gasper contended. "It opened the door and got them in and before you know it we're going to have recreational marijuana. And you know that was done through the legislature, that wasn't done through a vote. The people don't want it. It was already voted out a couple of years before."
Attitudes toward marijuana use are changing, as research shows fewer young people believe it is harmful.
Gasper argued marijuana is not only a gateway drug, but today's strains are much stronger than those of the past.
"I'm a child of the 70s, when we were growing up the strength was between one and three; at the high end 5% THC," Gasper explained. "Today with these concentrates they have out there they're as high as 98% THC."
Adverse effects of marijuana include psychotic reactions, and some experts say long-term use is connected to cognitive decline in youth.
Gasper founded Jennifer's Messengers, a group that educates about the influence of driving under the influence of marijuana.
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Legislation in Congress, co-sponsored by U.S. Sen. Richard Durbin - D-IL - could expand treatment choices for people with opioid use disorder.
Current federal regulations mandate that people battling addictions use government-approved treatment programs to receive methadone - a drug that curbs opioid cravings.
Senate Bill 644 would expand access through board-certified addiction specialists, who could prescribe methadone in a clinic or doctor's office.
Lindsey Vuolo - vice president of health law and policy at the nonprofit Partnership to End Addiction - said the measure would remove hardships for people who need help.
"The fact that methadone can be prescribed for pain without these restrictions really demonstrates that there isn't medical justification for these types of restrictions," said Vuolo. "And so, it's really crucial to make effective treatment low barrier - or ideally, no barrier - so that people who are in need of these medications can access them without undue restrictions."
Opponents of expanding methadone access have concerns about possible misuse, or that the drug could be distributed or sold illegally.
The bill is in the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and has been there since February. Nearly 3,300 people died from opioid overdoses in Illinois in 2022.
Under the current restrictions, the government-approved programs are the only option for people getting methadone treatment.
Vuolo pointed out that there aren't enough of these programs, and people receiving the treatment must undergo counseling - which can create even more hurdles to getting care.
"People have difficulty using their insurance to access care and can't afford to pay for the cost out of pocket, and lack of access to providers," said Vuolo. "There's a workforce shortage, so there aren't enough trained providers who are able to provide treatment for opioid use disorder and substance use disorder. Behavioral health in general, there's also lack of mental health providers."
The Illinois Department of Public Health says in 2022, the state's mortality rate from opioid use was 26 deaths per 100-thousand residents.
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March Madness is in full swing, and depending on where you live, you might be able to place a bet on a college basketball tournament game. Wisconsin hasn't fully embraced the movement, but experts still advise people to avoid unhealthy habits.
A 2018 U.S. Supreme Court ruling paved the way for states to decide if they want to legalize sports betting. That helped fuel the presence of online platforms where people can place wagers through their smartphones. Wisconsin limits live bets to tribal casinos. But bettors can flock to some neighboring states for online access.
Rose Blozinski, executive director of the Wisconsin Council on Problem Gambling, said they're neutral on these laws but still have concerns.
"We know that more people are going to do it, and we also know that more people are going to become addicted to gambling," she said.
Since the legalization wave, Connecticut officials havehave reported a 200% increase in calls to gambling addiction hotlines.
To protect yourself from falling into traps, prevention experts recommend only betting what you can afford. If troubling patterns emerge, they suggest things like deleting betting apps and switching to flip phones. Nearly 40 states allow some form of sports betting, but some do have restrictions for college games.
The financial impacts of problem gambling can be obvious, but Blozinski noted that compulsive gamblers also have a higher suicide rate. And with mobile betting marketed toward young adults, she said this demographic should be considered high-risk.
"They're at a time where they're high risk-takers to start, and gambling fits right in with that, especially the sports betting. It makes them feel important; if you're winning, you can brag to all your friends," she added.
She said a big problem in helping young adults falling into addiction is that Gamblers Anonymous resources are outdated in the age groups they cater to. Industry leaders note their ads come with disclosures about problem gambling and where to seek help. But prevention experts say they're not easy to understand, and called for broader funding to carry out assistance programs.
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Communities across the Commonwealth want to minimize traumatic experiences for the state's youngest residents - as a way to help stem the drug epidemic, and prevent future generations from struggling with substance-use disorders.
According to Kentucky Youth Advocates, at least one in five Kentucky kids has had at least two Adverse Childhood Experiences or 'ACEs.'
These include physical, sexual and emotional abuse, neglect, having family members with a substance-use disorder, witnessing domestic violence, and parental incarceration.
Dr. Connie White, deputy commissioner for clinical affairs with the Kentucky Department for Public Health, said research shows ACEs can increase risky behaviors and the development of chronic diseases - and even lead to a shorter lifespan.
"All of these things contribute as that child's neural pathways are developing," said White, "as they're learning how to make choices - healthy choices, unhealthy choices - as they're chronically stressed and their cortisol levels are chronically elevated."
White added that it's becoming clear that interventions promoting safe, stable environments for kids can strengthen the building blocks for healthy coping mechanisms - and reduce their likelihood of dependence on alcohol or drugs in adolescence or adulthood.
Barry Allen is president and CEO of the Gheens Foundation. It's a member of BLOOM Kentucky, a statewide coalition pushing for policy changes to prevent ACEs.
He said increasingly, communities are recognizing the correlation between addiction and childhood trauma.
"And so, a small group of us grantmakers proceeded to seek an audience with then-Attorney General Daniel Cameron," said Allen, "to plead the case to apply at least half of the opioid abatement settlement dollars - over $400 million - to apply those to prevention."
This legislative session, Bloom Kentucky says it's advocating for sustained funding for school-based mental health providers to improve access to services, for establishing a process to automatically expunge an eviction from a family's record after a reasonable amount of time, and to prohibit minors from being named in eviction filings.
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