The city where you live could be making you, your family and your friends more unconsciously racist, or by contrast, it could make you less racist.

Study findings from New Mexico's Santa Fe Institute show how population, diversity and segregation combine to form a person's unconscious racial bias.

Andrew Stier, a psychologist, postdoctoral fellow at the Santa Fe Institute and lead author of the study, examined why it is true in some cities more than others. He said the research showed those who rub elbows with many different kinds of people revealed less prejudice.

"You learn to do that because you interact with people that are different from you, and you learn something that is not a stereotype of about them, and you think of that person as a person," Stier explained.

Stier pointed out diverse interactions force people to adapt to new situations and learning. The study is based on data from the popular online "Implicit Association Test," which asks volunteer participants to categorize their response when given a pairing of white or Black faces with positive or negative words. A faster association of white equals "good" or black equals "bad" can show inherent racial bias.

To build their model, the researchers took the average bias scores from almost 3 million individuals in different geographic areas and linked them to racial demographics and population data from the U.S. Census. Stier emphasized many cities create dense and diverse networks of social interaction, but not all, including Chicago where he lived for 10 years.

"If you have a city that is very diverse, but very segregated like Chicago is, that diversity doesn't get you that much in terms of not being racist," Stier observed. "It's not just the psychology but also who you can access and what types of opportunities you can have."

He noted in cities where people cannot encounter and interact with people and institutions used by other groups, racial biases create major barriers to equity and amplify disparities including access to medical care, education, employment, policing, mental health outcomes and physical health.


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New research finds Black working women still face rampant discrimination in the Golden State.

The California Black Women's Collective Empowerment Institute commissioned a survey of 452 Black women. Almost 60% reported experiencing workplace racism or gender discrimination in the past year.

Shakari Byerly, managing partner of EVITARUS Research, conducted the survey.

"Nearly half feel marginalized, excluded from or passed over for work opportunities," Byerly reported. "Only 16% strongly agree that opportunities for leadership and or advancement in their workplace are available to them."

Among respondents, 59% reported being somewhat satisfied in their job but 38% said they are unsatisfied, with company leadership and work culture to blame. They also cited microaggressions, wage disparities and lack of mentoring or access to leadership roles.

Byerly noted one-third of those surveyed said they do not feel supported by their supervisor at work.

"They were subjected to stereotypes, were talked down to, or subjected to disrespectful communication at work," Byerly explained. "And 38% say they were accused or thought of as an angry Black woman."

The report called on the state to enforce pay equity, expand antidiscrimination protections and ensure workplace accountability. They called on companies to invest in Black women's leadership development and eliminate bias in workplace culture.


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The American Federation of Teachers and the American Sociological Association are suing the Trump administration over threats to defund schools it believes are promoting the concepts of diversity, equity and inclusion.

In a letter, the Department of Education laid out its plans to cut funding for schools that don't comply. Critics say the administration is distorting anti-discrimination laws to block efforts that support disadvantaged students of color.

Arthur Steinberg, president of the Pennsylvania AFT chapter, warned that the cuts could affect nearly 800,000 lower-income students and more than 360,000 special-education students.

"The Trump administration is now attempting to use the threat of federal funds to infringe on people's rights of free speech," he said. "There is already a mandate that college presidents can't tell schools and colleges what to teach."

Steinberg said Gov. Josh Shapiro is all for teaching what he's called "honest history," as is the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He noted that some Republicans in the state Senate would go along with the Trump administration. The lawsuit was filed last week in federal court in Maryland.

Steinberg criticized the letter as vague for failing to define "DEI" and threatening to withhold federal money from school districts with programs of which the new administration disapproves. He said he sees it as an attack on students and educators, and emphasized the importance of Black history as well as all facets of American history.

"It bans meaningful instruction on everything from slavery to the Emancipation Proclamation, the forced relocation of Native American Tribes and the laws of Jim Crow," he said, "not to mention the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II and attempts to upend the Civil Rights Act."

The letter suggested that current DEI policies discriminate against white and Asian students. It states that schools should comply with civil rights laws, stop using "indirect methods to avoid race-related prohibitions" and avoid "third-party services that circumvent race rules."

An urban farm in North Carolina is celebrating Black History Month this weekend with a farmers market and historic group hike.

Urban Community AgriNomics in Durham is holding its farmers market at Catawba Trail Farm and is inviting people on a hike through an old plantation where the organization has reclaimed an old farmstead.

Delphine Sellars, executive director of the nonprofit, said the legacy of agriculture is important for people of color.

"We as the descendants are now farming and dealing with agriculture not because we have to but because we want to and we realize the benefits of it," Sellars explained.

The plantation where the group is reclaiming farming was one of the biggest in the North Carolina plantation system, and at times held more than 1,000 enslaved people. Sellars emphasized there is still space to join the Black History Month hike, which starts at 10 a.m.

The Catawba Trail Farm allows community members to get involved in agriculture. Some of the vegetables available this weekend include arugula, radishes and kale. Sellars argued access to produce is important.

"Our goal is to make sure that we can make fresh vegetables accessible as we strive to increase food security," Sellars added.

Sellars stressed people of color should build on what was left to them to become better, healthier individuals who know how to take care of themselves.

"I was always taught to be ashamed of my ancestry because we were enslaved, but now I know better," Sellars observed. "I need to be ashamed of the enslaver but not of my ancestors, who were enslaved."


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